Machiguenga

The Machiguenga (also Matsigenka, Matsigenga) are an indigenous people of the jungle regions of eastern Peru.

Language

The Machiguenga language belongs to the Campa group of the Southern Maipurean (Arawakan) language family.

There are two varieties of Machiguenga:

# Caquinte
# Machiguenga (proper)

The Machiguenga language is spoken by 8,000 people in the Amazon of Eastern Peru

Culture

Machiguenga seek to avoid anger at all costs (A. Johnson et al., 1986)

Bibliography

* Baksh, M. (1990) "Time Allocation among the Machiguenga of Camana (Peru)". New Haven, CT: HRAF Press.
* Campbell, Lyle. (1997). "American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America". New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
* Deyermenjian, G. (1988) Land Rights, Cultural Survival and Innovation among Indigenous Peoples of the Western Amazon Basin: The Case of the Machiguenga. Master's Thesis, Clark University, International Development Dept.
* Henrich J et al. (2005) "Economic man" in cross-cultural perspective: Behavioral experiments in 15 small-scale societies. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28:795-+
* Ohl, J. 2004. The economy of the Matsigenka – ecotourism as a chance for sustainable development? Ph.D. thesis, University of Greifswald, Greifswald.
* Ohl, J. 2004, El eco-turismo como oportunidad para un desarrollo sostenible? Eschborn, Germany, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH.
* Ohl, J., A. Wezel, G. H. Shepard Jr., and D. W. Yu. 2007. Swidden agriculture in a human-inhabited protected area: The Matsigenka native communities of Manu National Park, Peru. . Environment, Development, and Sustainability.
* Ohl-Schacherer, J., G. H. Shepard Jr., H. Kaplan, C. A. Peres, T. Levi, and D. W. Yu. 2007. The sustainability of subsistence hunting by Matsigenka native communities in Manu National Park, Peru. Conservation Biology 21:1174-1185.
* Ohl-Schacherer, J., E. Mannigel, C. Kirkby, G. H. Shepard Jr, and D. W. Yu. 2008. Indigenous ecotourism in the Amazon: A case study of “Casa Matsiguenka” in Manu National Park, Peru. Environmental Conservation.
* Solís Fonseca, Gustavo. (2003). Lenguas en la amazonía peruana. Lima: edición por demanda.
* Pancorbo, Luis: "Río de América". Laertes. Barcelona, 2003.
* Shepard GH (1997) Noun classification and ethnozoological classification in Machiguenga, an Arawakan language of the Peruvian Amazon. The Journal of Amazonian Languages 1:20-57
* Shepard G (1997) Monkey hunting with the Machiguenga: medicine, magic, ecology and mythology. paper presented at the American Anthropological Association Meetings
* Shepard GH (1998) Psychoactive plants and ethnopsychiatric medicines of the Matsigenka. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 30:321-332
* Shepard GH (1999) Resource use and ecology of the Matsigenka of the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Vilcabamba. In: Schulenberg TS (ed) A Rapid Biological Assessment of the Northern Cordillera Vilcabamba, Peru, vol RAP Working Papers No. 11. Conservation International, Washington, DC
* Shepard GH (1999) Pharmacognosy and the Senses in two Amazonian Societies. In: Department of Anthropology. University of California, Berkeley
* Shepard GH (1999) Shamanism and diversity: A Matsigenka perspective. In: Posey DA (ed) Cultural and Spiritual Values of Biodiversity, vol U.N.E.P. Global Biodiversity Assessment, Vol 2. United Nations Environmental Programme and Intermediate Technology Publications, London, pp 93-95
* Shepard GH, Rummenhoeller K (2000) Paraiso para quem? Populções indígenas e o Parque Nacional do Manu (Peru). In: XXII Reunião Brasileira de Antropologia. Fórum de Pesquisa 3: “Conflitos Socioambientais e Unidades de Conservação”, Brasília, Brasil
* Shepard GH, Yu DW, Lizarralde M, Italiano M (2001) Rain forest habitat classification among the Matsigenka of the Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Ethnobiology 21:1-38
* Shepard GH, Yu DW (2001) Verificación etnobotánica de imágenes de satélite: La intersección de conocimientos tradicionales y cientifícos. Debate Agrario 33:19-24
* Shepard GH, Chicchón A (2001) Resource use and ecology of the Matsigenka of the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Vilcabamba. In: Alonso LEea (ed) Social and Biological Assessments of the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru. Conservation International, Washington, DC, pp 164-174
* Shepard GH (2002) Primates in Matsigenka subsistence and worldview. In: Fuentes A, Wolfe L (eds) Primates face to face. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 101-136
* Shepard GH, Yu DW (2002) Vanishing Cultures (Comment). New York Review of Books 50:92
* Shepard GH, Yu DW, Nelson B, Lizarralde M, Italiano M (2004) Ethnobotanical Ground-Truthing and Forest Diversity in the Western Amazon. In: Maffi L, Carlson T, López-Zent E (eds) Ethnobotany and conservation of biocultural diversity. New York Botanical Gardens (Advances in Economic Botany), New York
* Shepard GH (August 1998.) Uncontacted native groups and petrochemical exploration in the Peruvian Amazon. In: International Society for Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (ICAES) Conference, Williamsburg, VA
* Shepard GH, Rummenhoeller K, Ohl J, Yu DW (in press) Trouble in paradise: indigenous populations, anthropological policies, and biodiversity conservation in Manu National Park, Peru. Journal of Sustainable Forestry
* Yu DW, Shepard GH (1998) Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Nature 396:321-322
* Yu DW, Shepard GH (1999) The mystery of female beauty. Nature 399:216
* Yu DW, Proulx SM, Shepard GH (2008) Masculinity, marriage, and the paradox of the lek. In: Swami V, Furnham A (eds) The Body Beautiful. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, pp 88-107

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