- Aleksander Kakowski
infobox cardinalstyles
cardinal name=Aleksander Cardinal Kakowski
dipstyle=His Eminence
offstyle=Your Eminence
See=Warsaw|Cardinal Aleksander Kakowski (1862–1938) was a Polish politician and Catholic priest, member of the
Regency Council , the archbishop ofWarsaw , and the last titular primate of the Kingdom of Poland before Poland regained its independence in 1918.Aleksander Kakowski was born
February 5 ,1862 , in Dębiny nearPrzasnysz . He was ordained a priest onMay 30 ,1886 , inWarsaw , byWincenty Cardinal Chościak-Popiel . The following year he became one of the professors at the Warsaw Theological Seminary. In 1910 he became therector of the Theological Academy ofSaint Petersburg and onJuly 22 ,1913 , he was ordained a bishop byStanisław Zdzitowiecki . OnSeptember 14 ,1913 , he became the archbishop of Warsaw in St. John's Cathedral, thus becoming the titular primate of the Kingdom of Poland.After the outbreak of the Great War he remained in Warsaw and in 1917 Kakowski was appointed to be a member of the
Regency Council , a semi-independent and temporary highest authority of the Kingdom of Poland, recreated by theCentral Powers as part of theirMitteleuropa plan. Kakowski was one of three members of that body, which served as a provisional head of state (hence the word "regency " in its name).On
November 28 ,1919 , he was the main consecrator of Achille Ratti, apapal nuncio to Poland who later becamePope Pius XI . On December 15 of the same year, Kakowski himself was made a cardinal. During his service as the Archbishop of Warsaw, Kakowski promoted the creation of a strong Catholic press. He was one of the authors of the success of "Rycerz Niepokalanej ", which was one of the most popular newspapers in pre-war Poland. He was also the main creator of the theological faculty at theWarsaw University and of theCatholic Action movement. For his role in liberating Poland from foreign occupation, in 1925 Kakowski was awarded theOrder of the White Eagle , the highest Polish decoration (and in July 1938 he even briefly appeared as the head of that order's chapter). In 1930 he also became a "bailiff of honour and devotion" of theOrder of St John of Jerusalem . Although after the war the title ofPrimate of Poland was reintroduced by August Cardinal Hlond, who used it himself, Kakowski continued to style himself a Cardinal of the Kingdom of Poland until his death onDecember 30 ,1938 .
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