- Equifinality
Equifinality is the principle that in open systems a given end state can be reached by many potential means. The term is due to
Ludwig von Bertalanffy , the founder of GeneralSystems Theory . He prefers this term, in contrast to "goal", in describingcomplex systems ' similar orconvergent behavior. It emphasizes that the same end state may be achieved via many different paths ortrajectories .In closed systems, a direct cause-and-effect relationship exists between the initial condition and the final state of the system: When a computer's 'on' switch is pushed, the system powers up. Open systems (such as biological and social systems), however, operate quite differently. The idea of equifinality suggests that similar results may be achieved with different initial conditions and in many different ways. [Aut|Cummings & Worley, "Organization Development & Change", Thomson, 2005, p. 87.]
In psychology, equifinality refers to how different early experiences in life (e.g., parental divorce, physical abuse, parental substance abuse) can lead to similar outcomes (e.g., childhood depression). In other words, there are many different early experiences that can lead to the same psychological disorder.
In archaeology, equifinality refers to how different historical processes may lead to a similar outcome or social formation. For example, the development of agriculture or the bow and arrow occurred independently in many different areas of the world, yet for different reasons and through different historical trajectories. Highlights that generalizations based on cross-cultural comparisons cannot uncritically be made.
In
geomorphology , the term equifinality indicates that similar landforms might arise as a result of quite different sets ofprocesses .In environmental modeling studies, and especially in hydrological modeling, two models are equifinal if they lead to an equally acceptable or
behavioral representation of the observed natural processes. It is a key concept to assess how uncertain hydrological predictions are.See also
*
Underdetermination
* GLUE - Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation
*System Theory References
Publications
* Bertalanffy, Ludwig von, "General Systems Theory", 1968
* Beven, K.J. and Binley, A.M., 1992. The future of distributed models: model calibration and uncertainty prediction, Hydrological Processes, 6, p.279–298.
* Beven, K.J. and Freer, J., 2001a. Equifinality, data assimilation, and uncertainty estimation in mechanistic modelling of complex environmental systems, Journal of Hydrology, 249, 11–29.
* Croft, Gary W., "Glossary of Systems Theory and Practice for the Applied Behavioral Sciences", Syntropy Incorporated, Freeland, WA, Prepublication Review Copy, 1996
* Durkin, James E. (ed.), "Living Groups: Group Psychotherapy and General System Theory", Brunner/Mazel, New York, 1981
* Mash, E. J., & Wolfe, D. A. (2005). "Abnormal Child Psychology (3rd edition)". Wadsworth Canada. pp. 13-14.
*Weisbord, Marvin R., "Productive Workplaces: Organizing and Managing for Dignity, Meaning, and Community", Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, 1987
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