Jean Leray

Infobox Scientist
name = Jean Leray


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birth_date = birth date|1906|11|7
birth_place = Nantes
death_date = death date and age|1998|11|10|1906|11|7
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field = Mathematics
work_institutions = University of Nancy
University of Paris
Collège de France
alma_mater = École Normale Supérieure
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doctoral_students =
known_for = partial differential equations, algebraic topology
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prizes = Malaxa Prize (1938)
Feltrinelli Prize (1971)
Wolf Prize in Mathematics (1979)
Lomonosov Gold Medal (1988)
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Jean Leray (7 November 1906–10 November 1998) was a French mathematician, who worked on both partial differential equations and algebraic topology.

He was born in Nantes. He studied at École Normale Supérieure from 1926 to 1929. He received his Ph.D. in 1933. From 1938 to 1939 he was professor at the University of Nancy. He did not join up to the Bourbaki group, although he was close with its founders.

His main work in topology was carried out while he was in a prisoner of war camp in Edelbach, Austria from 1940 to 1945. He concealed his expertise on differential equations, fearing that its connections with applied mathematics could lead him to be asked to do war work.

Leray's work of this period proved seminal. It originated, together, the ideas of spectral sequence and sheaf.cite book | last = Dieudonné | first = Jean | title = A history of algebraic and differential topology 1900-1960 | publisher = Birkhäuser | date = 1989 | page = 123-141 | isbn = 081763388X] These were subsequently developed by many otherscite web | last = Miller | first = Haynes | title = Leray in Oflag XVIIA: The origins of sheaf theory, sheaf cohomology, and spectral sequences | work = | publisher = | date = 2000 | url = http://www-math.mit.edu/~hrm/papers/ss.ps | format = PS] , each separately becoming an important tool in homological algebra.

He returned to work on partial differential equations from about 1950.

He was professor at the University of Paris from 1945 to 1947, and then at the Collège de France until 1978.

He was awarded the Malaxa Prize (Romania, 1938), the Grand Prix in mathematical sciences (French Academy of Sciences, 1940), the Feltrinelli Prize (Accademia dei Lincei, 1971), the Wolf Prize in Mathematics (Israel, 1979), and the Lomonosov Gold Medal (Moscow, 1988).

ee also

*Leray spectral sequence
*Leray cover
*Leray's theorem
*Leray-Hirsch theorem

References

External links

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* [http://www.ams.org/notices/200003/mem-leray.pdf "Jean Leray (1906-1998)"] , by Armand Borel, Gennadi M. Henkin, and Peter D. Lax, "Notices of the American Mathematical Society", vol. 47, no. 3, March 2000.
* [http://www.impan.gov.pl/~leray/leraydefault.html "Jean Leray"] Short biography