- Vivienne Goonewardena
Violet Vivienne ("Vivi") Goonewardena (
18 September 1916 -3 October 1996 ) was aSri Lanka n pioneersocialist andfeminist . Her life and politics were shaped by the most interesting times of the Sri Lankan Left and she was in turn one of its more colourful personalities.Political beginnings
Goonewardena was drawn into politics while still in school at Musaeus College through the
Suriya-Mal Movement when in 1933 anti-imperialists and nationalists launched the sale of local Suriya (Portia tree ) flowers as an alternative to poppies with the slogan "against slavery and poverty and for freedom and prosperity". As Head Girl she was to recruit her entire school to this cause. It was from this mass campaign that theLanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) was forged in 1935.Goonewardena was exposed to the ideas and activities of the socialist movement initially through her maternal uncles, Philip and Robert Gunawardana, themselves leaders of the Left. With their support, she defied her father and was among that then small group of women to enter
University – completing her studies against his best efforts to frustrate her.Leslie Goonewardena
Her growing involvement with the LSSP brought her into regular contact with
Leslie Goonewardena , with whom she fell in love. He was a graduate of theLondon School of Economics , a rising star of the Party, and later to be one of its central leaders and chief propagandists - which included being author of its official history.The match was opposed by her father and affluent, and conservative family as Leslie belonged to a lower caste and was a revolutionary under surveillance by the British colonial regime. However Vivienne persisted, and following judicial intervention, was married to Leslie in 1939.
Early work
The LSSP opposed the Second World War and its activists were leading strike movements against the
British Empire . The Party was banned and its leaders imprisoned or forced to go underground. To evade arrest Leslie Goonewardena and others including Vivienne andSelina Perera escaped toIndia in 1941. There the couple threw themselves into theQuit India Movement and participated in the formation of theBolshevik-Leninist Party of India (BLPI), a socialist organisation aligned with the ideas ofLeon Trotsky and theFourth International , in April 1942. They returned to Sri Lanka only in 1945 once the warrant for their arrest had been revoked with the end of war.In 1948 Vivi was one of the initiators of the first socialist women's organisation,
Eksath Kantha Peramuna (United Women's Front). This organisation collapsed shortly after when theCommunist Party withdrew support for it as part of its non co-operation policy with Trotskyists.In 1953 she hid
Jeanne Hoban when she was threatened with deportation for organising plantation workers.Political career
She was elected to Parliament on an LSSP ticket between 1956-60, 1964-65 and 1970-77 and appointed a junior minister in that last term. She was also on several occasions a Colombo municipal councillor and a life-long trade unionist, serving as President of the All Ceylon Local Government Workers Association until her death.
In 1964 she was among the most enthusiastic on the LSSP leadership of the prospects for the Left and working people in an alliance with the
Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) led by the world's first woman Prime Minister,Sirimavo Bandaranaike .In 1994 she was again to be an advocate for Left participation in the
People's Alliance coalition government dominated by the SLFP and led by Mrs. Bandaranaike's daughter,Chandrika Kumaratunga .During the
United National Party government between 1977 and 1994, Vivi regularly confronted the authorities usually leading demonstrations onInternational Women's Day .She died in
Colombo , much mourned by all on the Left.Issues of importance
She was particularly concerned with the rights and treatment of women workers in the
Free Trade Zones , and the social dislocation to families of migrant women workers to theMiddle East .In 1983 following a demonstration against the US military occupation of
Diego Garcia she was physically assaulted at a police station. Her fundamental rights application in this matter was upheld by theSupreme Court in a rare act of judicial independence [http://www.lawnet.lk/report/1984-1/Gun%20319.htm] .An early supporter of the
Gorbachev ite reforms in the USSR, Vivi pressed to no avail for the unification of theCommunist Party of Sri Lanka and the LSSP, believing past differences to be precisely that.She was a bitter critic of
neo-liberal economic policies and the war in the north-east of the island.She was an early worker for the Family Planning Association, her knowledge of the Sinhala
vernacular being far superior to that of the other, middle-class English-educated volunteers, enabling her to communicate far better withworking-class andpeasant women.ource
[http://www.rootsweb.com/~lkawgw/vivienneg.htm B. Skanthakumar Biography]
External links
* [http://www.lawnet.lk/report/1984-1/Gun%20319.htm Supreme Court]
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