Jeffrey Lee Pierce

Jeffrey Lee Pierce (June 27, 1958 - March 31, 1996) was an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. He was one of the founding members of the 1980s punk band The Gun Club. He also released several solo albums and was a founding member of The Red Lights before forming The Gun Club.

1970s

As a teenager, Pierce moved from El Monte, a working-class industrial suburb East of Los Angeles, to Granada Hills, at the time a white working- and middle-class suburb in the San Fernando Valley. Pierce attended Granada Hills High School, where he participated in the drama program, acting in plays and writing several of his own brief experimental pieces. He was a brilliant and creative but highly unconventional student, managing to graduate despite turning in one term paper to an English class that consisted of the title "Ernest Hemingway" along with ten blank pages.

Pierce's musical influences at this time tended heavily toward glam and progressive rock, and he was particularly fond of bands such as Sparks, Genesis, and Roxy Music. During the mid-70s, after attending a concert by Bob Marley (at which he was fascinated as much by Marley's shamanistic presence as by his music), Pierce became deeply engrossed in reggae; eventually he would travel to Jamaica to explore the music, a trip that left him ambivalent about the music's relevance to American culture. His infatuation with reggae overlapped with the emergence of punk rock, and Pierce became a fixture on the Hollywood scene as a writer for Slash and, to a lesser extent, as a musician. While his later interest in American blues was presaged by his devotion to the rootsiest forms of reggae, his love for the more theatrical, complex sounds of glam and prog showed up in his support for the No Wave movement in New York City.

Pierce found himself disappointed by the swift decline of punk rock into strict formality, and his sense that reggae was ultimately a foreign import. Seeking music with the authenticity and simplicity of reggae but more deeply rooted in American history and culture, he found the Delta blues. By the late 70s Pierce had laid out the sound he was after, and developed the persona -- a type of theatrical frontman modeled in part on Bryan Ferry and Marc Bolan -- that would become the essential elements of Gun Club.

1980s

In the 1980s, The Gun Club released a number of albums. The first, "Fire of Love," is widely regarded as the band's most fully realized work, featuring the songs "Sex Beat" and "She's Like Heroin to Me." The next two albums, "Miami" and "The Las Vegas Story", are highly original; the music is a unique mix of punk, country and blues. Later albums depart from the swamp-punk template in favor of reflective, melancholic moods.

Though The Gun Club never attained significant commercial success - in large part to Pierce's willful personality and his struggles with alcohol and drugs - they were always critically lauded and widely recognized as one of the more influential bands of the age. Fact|date=May 2008 The White Stripes' Jack White and The Screaming Trees' Mark Lanegan have cited the band as huge influences, as have England's Gallon Drunk and The Flaming Stars.

The startling debut, "Fire of Love", was a hypnotic fusion of various strands of America's musical history. The Gun Club applied a southern-swamp inspired, B-movie voodoo sensibility and a punk wildness to their fundamentally bluesy style, derived from one- and two-chord Delta blues artists, such as Howlin' Wolf, Charley Patton and Son House. The album contains an anarchic, emotionally faithful version of Robert Johnson's "Preachin' Blues" and the sad, delicate, country-tinged swamp love song "Promise Me," regarded by some as Pierce's most inspired moment. Fact|date=May 2008

The follow-up "Miami," produced by Blondie's Chris Stein, sounds more haunted as Pierce's maturing vocal style (often compared to The Doors' Jim Morrison) howls, wails and drones its way through fevered renditions of "Devil in the Woods," "Sleeping in Blood City" and Creedence's "Run Through the Jungle." Pierce's morosely poetic and lyrical sensibility is echoed in the later work of Nick Cave, whom Pierce cited in his autobiography as "my truest mate." However, many critics and fans complained that Stein's mix of the album was completely lifeless.

The years 1982-84 were characterized by shifting line-up changes, with various band members testifying that Pierce's unpredictable personality and chemical excesses made him a difficult to work with. Nonetheless, the next full album, 1984's "The Las Vegas Story," was something of a triumph, with the ghostly "Walking with the Beast" (perhaps the band's most representative song). Fact|date=May 2008

Pierce recorded a solo album, "Wildweed," in 1985. It was an accessible, melodic and occasionally danceable work, with the tenderly devotional "From Temptation to You" displaying his (perhaps surprising) flair for soul-searching love songs. A reformed Gun Club then made 1987's "Mother Juno", generally considered one of their finest works, featuring typically punkish efforts like "Thunderhead" and "Araby" with startlingly melodic compositions like "Breaking Hands" and "Port of Souls." Pierce later said "We envisioned an album that sounded like ocean waves."

1990s

Pierce's autobiography, "Go Tell The Mountain," goes into some detail about the personal turmoil he experienced during the late 1980s and early 1990s. His health had been poor for some time, and he suffered further from prolonged use of opiates ("I beat scars into my arms waiting for an early death"). His creativity suffered accordingly. However, the final Gun Club album, 1993's "Lucky Jim," stands as a mature and reflective semi-masterpiece, most notably with the songs "Idiot Waltz" and "Desire." Fact|date=May 2008 Another admired album from this period is "Ramblin' Jeffrey Lee and Cypress Grove with Willie Love," consisting mainly of blues cover versions (Howlin' Wolf, Lightnin' Hopkins, Skip James).

In the early stages of his career, Pierce was supported by Debbie Harry of Blondie, who was convinced of his potential as musician and artist. He originally met Harry, as well as Chris Stein (also of Blondie), through his position as the president of Blondie's US fan club. The group also paid tribute to him in their song "Under the Gun" from the 1999 album "No Exit".

Jeffrey Lee Pierce is honored by the Swedish rock star Thåström in a song from 2005. The World/Inferno Friendship Society also paid tribute to Pierce in their song by the same title. Jeffrey Lee Pierce died from a brain hemorrhage in 1996 at the age of 37. His life is the subject of a recently-released documentary "Ghost on The Highway: A Portrait of Jeffrey Lee Pierce and The Gun Club," directed by Kurt Voss and produced by Voss and editor/composer Andrew R. Powell. The documentary debuted at the Don't Knock The Rock Film Festival in Los Angeles in June 2006 and is currently available on DVD.

[http://choses-vues.com/en/hardtimes/fiche.html] DVD "Hardtimes killin' Floor Blues"