Holystone

Holystone is a soft and brittle sandstone that was formerly used for scouring and whitening the wooden decks of ships. It was used in the British and American Navy for scrubbing the decks of sailing ships.

The term may have come from the fact that 'holystoning the deck' was originally done on one's knees, as in prayer.US Navy Office of Information - [http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/traditions/html/navyterm.html Origins of Navy Terminology page] ] In realistic reference to their size, smaller holystones were called "prayer books" and larger ones "Bibles"; also, a widely quoted legend attributes the name "holystone" to the story that such pieces of stone were taken for use from St. Nicholas Church in Great Yarmouth. [A Sea of Words, King, Hattendorf and Estes, Holt & Co., NY, 1997, p. 238]

According to one source holystoning was banned in the US Navy in 1931 as it wore down the decks (and with the demise of teak decked battleships became unnecessary).US Navy Office of Information] However, a photo on the US Navy's "Navsource" [http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/63g.htm photo archive of the USS Missouri] ) purports to show Navy Midshipmen holystoning the deck of the USS Missouri in 1951 (albeit in a standing position) [The photo does not originate from US Navy sources and so is probably not usable here.] A "Time Magazine" article (June 8, 1931) discusses the end of holystoning ( [http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,741773,00.html archive article (fee) ] ) in the US Navy.

John Huston's 1956 film "Moby Dick", [imdb title|0049513|Moby Dick] and most recently Peter Weir's 2003 film "", [imdb title|0311113|Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World] shows sailors scrubbing the deck with holystones. Holystoning is referenced in Richard Henry Dana's diary, the 1840 classic "Two Years Before the Mast" in what he calls the "Philadelphia Catechism": [Dana, Richard Henry, "Two Years Before the Mast" (1840), Chapter Three. Online at [http://www.bartleby.com/23/3.html Bartleby's Great Books Online] ]

:“Six days shalt thou labor and do all thou art able,:And on the seventh—holystone the decks and scrape the cable.”The Iowa class battleships (New Jersey, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Iowa) all had wooden decks (over the steel decks) and were holystoned regularly until they variously came out of commission during the 1990s.

The Baltimore class of heavy cruisers all had wooden decking in the area around and near the quarterdeck, and extending fore and aft along the sides of the ship. The USS Saint Paul (CA73) was the last of this class left in commission, serving in the Vietnam War as Seventh Fleet flagship. It was decommissioned in 1971. Her "cruise books" have many photographs of the deck divisions holystoning the wooden decks.

Holystoning in the modern navy was not generally done on the knees but with a stick resting in a depression in the flat side of the stone and held under the arm and in the hands and moved back and forth with grain on each plank while standing - or sort of leaning over to put pressure on the stick driven stone.

ee also

*Ship transport

Notes