Brooker and Clayton's Georgia Minstrels

Brooker and Clayton's Georgia Minstrels was the first successful African American blackface minstrel troupe. The company was formed in 1865. Under the management of Charles Hicks, the company enjoyed success on tour through the Northeastern United States in 1865 and 1866. They billed themselves as "The Only Simon Pure Negro Troupe in the World" [Advertisement, 24 May 1865. "Cipper". Quoted in Toll 199.] and their act as an "authentic" portrayal of black plantation life. One ad claimed their troupe was "composed of men who during the war were SLAVES IN MACON, GEORGIA, who, having spent their former lives in Bondage . . . will introduce to their patrons PLANTATION LIFE in all its phases." [Playbill, 18 December 1865, Buffalo, New York; various ads in "The Clipper". Quoted in Toll 201.] For their part, the public and press largely believed them. One New York newspaper called them "great delineators of darky life" and said that they presented "peculiar music and characteristics of plantation life." [21 October 1865. "Clipper". Quoted in Watkins 121.]

The Georgia Minstrels gained fame and success, and large crowds watched them perform in many cities. They repeatedly outperformed both black and white rivals throughout 1866. Trade journals and theatergoers came to regard them as in the same category as successful all-white companies, and "Georgia" came to signify "Colored" when used in the title of a minstrel troupe. Perhaps most significantly, the success of the Georgia Minstrels spawned many imitators. Other black troupes found greater success and acceptance, and black minstrelsy took off as a genre in its own right.

Notes

References

*Toll, Robert C. (1974). "Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth-century America". New York: Oxford University Press.
*Watkins, Mel (1994). "On the Real Side: Laughing, Lying, and Signifying—The Underground Tradition of African-American Humor that Transformed American Culture, from Slavery to Richard Pryor." New York: Simon & Schuster.