Yoshihiro Hattori

Yoshihiro Hattori (服部剛丈 "Hattori Yoshihiro") (November 22, 1975 - October 17, 1992) was a Japanese exchange student residing in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States at the time of his death. Hattori was on his way to a Halloween party when he mistook the address and stepped onto the wrong suburban property. The property owner, Rodney Peairs, mortally wounded Hattori with gunfire, thinking he was trespassing with criminal intent. The controversial homicide, and Peairs' subsequent acquittal in the state court of Louisiana, received worldwide attention.

The Hattori Shooting

Born in Nagoya, Japan to Masaichi and Mieko Hattori, Yoshihiro was 16 years old when he went to Baton Rouge as a part of the AFS student exchange program; he had also applied, and received a scholarship from the Morita Foundation for his trip. He was the middle child between a brother and a sister, and is described as a gregarious teen who played on his high school rugby team and loved fishing.

Fatal incident

Two months into his stay in the United States, he received an invitation along with Webb Haymaker, his homestay brother, to a Halloween party organized for Japanese exchange students on October 17, 1992. Hattori went dressed in a tuxedo in imitation of John Travolta from "Saturday Night Fever". Upon their arrival in the quiet working class neighborhood where the party was held, the boys mistook the Peairs' residence for the intended destination due to the similarity of the address and the Halloween decorations on the house, and proceeded to step out of their car and walk to the front door. (Fujio 2004; Harper n.d.)

Hattori and Haymaker rang the front doorbell but began to walk back to the street where Haymaker had parked receiving no response to the ring. Inside the house, however, Bonnie Peairs had peered out the side door and saw two boys whom she did not recognize. Mrs. Peairs, startled, retreated inside, locking the door, and turned to tell her husband, "Rodney, get your gun". Hattori and Haymaker were still pondering the situation as they neared their car when the carport door was opened again, this time by Mr. Peairs, armed with a stainless steel revolver, yelling "Freeze." Simultaneously, Hattori stepped towards him saying "We're here for the party," unaware of the imminent danger. Haymaker, seeing the weapon, shouted after Hattori, but in vain as Peairs had already fired his weapon and run back inside, locking the door again. (Kernodle 2002; Fujio 2004; Harper n.d.) Hattori was shot in the chest at close range and was still alive as Haymaker rushed to him. Haymaker ran to the home next door to the Peairs' house for help and to call for an ambulance. Neither Mr. Peairs nor his wife came out of their house until the police arrived, about 40 minutes after the shooting. Mrs. Peairs shouted to a neighbor to "go away" when the neighbor called for help. One of Peairs' children later told police that her mother asked, "Why did you shoot him?". The shot had pierced the upper and lower lobes of Hattori's left lung, and exited through the area of the seventh rib; he died in the ambulance minutes later, from loss of blood.cite web | author=Liu, J. Harper | url=http://goldsea.com/Features2/Twodeaths/twodeaths.html | title=Two deaths, no justice | publisher="Goldsea" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005]

The Criminal Trial of Peairs

Peairs defense counsel's strategy consisted of a claim that Hattori had an "extremely unusual manner of moving", one which any reasonable person would find "scary", and emphasis on Peairs as an average Joe, a man just like the jury member's neighbors, a man who "liked sugar in his grits". [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1DD143BF932A15756C0A965958260]

At the trial, Peairs testified about the moment just prior to the shooting: "It was a person, coming from behind the car, moving real fast. At that point, I pointed the gun and hollered, 'Freeze!' The person kept coming toward me, moving very erratically. At that time, I hollered for him to stop. He didn't; he kept moving forward. I remember him laughing. I was scared to death. This person was not gonna stop, he was gonna do harm to me." Peairs testified that he shot Yoshi once in the chest when the youth was about five feet away. "I had no choice," he said. "I want Yoshi's parents to understand that I'm sorry for everything."

District Attorney Doug Moreau concentrated on establishing that it had not been reasonable for Peairs, a 6-foot-2, well-armed man, to be so fearful of a polite, friendly, unarmed, 130-pound boy, who rang the doorbell, even if he walked toward him unexpectedly in the driveway, and that Peairs was not justified in using deadly force. Moreau stated, "It started with the ringing of the doorbell. No masks, no disguises. People ringing doorbells are not attempting to make unlawful entry. They didn't walk to the back yard, they didn't start peeking in the windows."

"You were safe and secure, weren't you?" Moreau asked Peairs during his appearance before the grand jury. "But you didn't call the police, did you?"
"No sir." Peairs said.
"Did you hear anyone trying to break in the front door?"
"No sir."
"Did you hear anyone trying to break in the carport door?"
"No sir."
"And you were standing right there at the door, weren't you - with a big gun?"
Peairs nodded.
"I know you're sorry you killed him. You are sorry, aren't you?"
"Yes sir."
"But you did kill him, didn't you?"
"Yes sir."

Peairs testified in a flat, toneless drawl, breaking into tears several times. A police detective testified that Peairs had said to him,"Boy, I messed up; I made a mistake."

The defense argued that Peairs was in large part reacting reasonably to his wife's panic. Peairs's wife testified for an hour describing the incident, during which she also broke into tears several times. "He was coming real fast, and it just clicked in my mind that he was going to hurt us. I slammed the door and locked it. I took two steps into the living room, where Rod could see me and I could see him. I told him to get the gun." Peairs did not hesitate or question her, but instead went to retrieve a handgun with a laser sight which was stored in a suitcase in the bedroom, which he said "was the easiest, most accessible gun to me."

"There was no thinking involved. I wish I could have thought. If I could have just thought," Mrs. Peairs said. [ Associated Press report of the trial]

The trial lasted seven days. After the jurors deliberated for three and a quarter hours, Peairs was acquitted under Louisiana's "Kill the burglar" statute. [cite web | author=Gerling, Susan Michelle | year=1999 | url=http://law.wustl.edu/journal/55/109.pdf | title=Louisiana's new "kill the carjacker" statute: self-defence or instant injustice? | format=PDF | publisher="Washington University Journal of Law and Policy" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005]

The Civil Trial

In a later civil action (95 0144 (La.App. 1 Cir. 10/6/95), 662 So.2d 509), however, the court found Peairs liable to Hattori's parents for $650,000 damages, [cite web | author=Lee, Elisa | year=1994 | url=http://www.highbeam.com/library/doc1.asp?DOCID=1P1:2280182&num=3&ctrlInfo=Round4%3AMode4b%3ASR%3AResult&ao= | title=Yoshihiro Hattori's Parents Awarded $650,000 In Suit | publisher="AsianWeek" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005] which they used to establish two charitable funds in their son's name; one to fund U.S. high school students wishing to visit Japan, and one to fund organizations that lobby for gun control. [cite web | author=Blakeman, Karen | year=2000 | url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/2000/Jul/09/localnews16.html | title=Japanese couple joins anti-gun fight in U.S. | publisher="Honolulu Advertiser" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005]

Afterwards

After the trial, Peairs told the press that he would never again own a gun.

Japanese were shocked not only by the killing, but by Peairs' acquittal. Shortly after the Hattori case, a Japanese exchange student, Takuma Ito, and a Japanese-American student, Go Matsura, were killed in a carjacking in San Pedro, California, and another Japanese exchange student, Masakazu Kuriyama was shot in Concord, California. Many Japanese reacted to these deaths as being similar symptoms of a sick society; TV Asahi commentator Takashi Wada put the feelings into words by asking, "But now, which society is more mature? The idea that you protect people by shooting guns is barbaric."

1.65 million Japanese and one million Americans signed a petition urging stronger gun controls in the US; the petition was presented to Ambassador Walter Mondale on November 22, 1993, who delivered it to President Bill Clinton. Shortly thereafter, the Brady Bill was passed, and on December 3, 1993, Mondale presented Hattori's parents with a copy. [cite web | author=Reischauer, Edwin O. | year=1994 | url=http://vikingphoenix.com/public/JapanIncorporated/postwar/1point6.htm | title=The United States and Japan in 1994: Uncertain Prospects | publisher="Edwin O. Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005 (NOTE: as the original link directing to [http://www.gwjapan.com/ftp/pub/policy/sais/1994/sais94-6.txt Gateway Japan] is dead, excerpts collected at [http://vikingphoenix.com/public/JapanIncorporated/japaninc.htm Japan, Incorporated] by Tarrant, William are being used)] [cite web | author=Kernodle, Katrina | year=2002 | url=http://www.fkassociates.com/guns.html | title=Gun Stance Highlights Cultural Gap between U.S. and Japan | publisher="Frances Kernodle Associates" | accessdate=December 30 | accessyear=2005]

Suspicions of implicit racism in the acquittal of Peairs further gained traction when, shortly afterwards, a homeowner named Todd Vriesenga, inside his house in Grand Haven, MI, similarly shot and killed a 17 year old named Adam Provencal through the front door. Vriesenga received a 16 to 24 month term for "reckless use of a firearm resulting in death", causing both Japanese and Asian-American advocacy groups to speculate on whether the difference between Vriesenga's conviction and Peairs' acquittal was related to the race of the victims. Other groups publicly stated that Vriesenga should have been convicted of the more severe charge of felony manslaughter.

In Popular Culture

The shooting incident was fictionalized on the tv show , wherein the cousin of one of the detectives shoots a Turkish exchange student who mistakenly goes to the wrong house on Halloween. Unlike in the Hattori incident, the fictionalized version involves the student, dressed as Gene Simmons from the band KISS acting strangely, and even aggressively towards the shooter. The fictional incident was portrayed as being motivated by racism.

In the seventh edition of 'Street Law', a legal textbook for highschool students published by McGraw-Hill, the Hattori case is presented, and readers are asked for their opinion on the case.

References

*cite web | author=Milhollon, Michelle; & Wold, Amy | year=2002 | url=http://www.2theadvocate.com/sk/old_articles/stories/new_safety002.shtml | title=Weapons caution urged | publisher="The Advocate" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005
*cite web | author=Unknown | year=2003 | url=http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:YhnZC8MywlcJ:www.japantoday.com/gidx/news279144.html+2001+japanese+halloween+murder+Clinton+&hl=en | title=Clinton to meet parents of Japanese boy shot in U.S. | publisher="Japan Today" | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005
*cite web | author=Fujio, Rie | year=2004 | title=The Yoshi Coalition homepage | url=http://www11.plala.or.jp/yoshic/index.html | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005 (NOTE: The homepage has no mention of actual publishing dates on its subpages. Thus the year of the latest update - Oct. 2004 - was used as the "latest edition" publishing year)

Books

*Harvard reference | Surname=Kamo | Given=Yoshinori | Title=Amerika o aishita shonen: "Hattori Yoshihiro-kun shasatsu jiken" saiban | Publisher=Kodansha | Place=Tokyo, Japan | Year=1993 | ISBN=4062067196. The book is also known as "A Japanese Boy Who Loved America: The Trial of Yoshi Hattori Shooting in Baton Rouge".
*Harvard reference | Surname1=Hiragi | Given1=Katsumi | Surname2=Talley | Given2=Tim | Title=Furizu: Piazu wa naze Hattori-kun o utta no ka | Publisher=Shueisha | Place=Japan | Year=1993 | ISBN=4087751686. The book is also known as "Freeze".
*Harvard reference | Surname1=Bandō | Given1=Hiromi | Surname2=Hattori | Given2=Mieko | Title=Beyond Guns, Beyond Ourselves | Publisher=Stop Gun Caravan | Year=1996 | URL=http://www.stopgun.org/english/sgc_English.html.

External links

*cite web | title=The Yoshi Coalition homepage | url=http://www11.plala.or.jp/yoshic/index.html | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005
*cite web | title=AFS International homepage | url=http://www.afs.org/AFSI/ | accessdate=December 29 | accessyear=2005
*imdb title|id=0291481|title=The Shot Heard 'Round the World
* [http://www.naatanet.org/Exhibition/html/sfiaaff97/programs/shot.html "The Shot Heard 'Round the World"] at the San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival homepage. URL accessed on Dec. 29, 2005.
* [http://www.scarsdalemura-kara.com/gun-control.htm Japanese press for gun control]