Elbrus (computer)

Elbrus (computer)

Elbrus ( _ru. Эльбрус, named after Mount Elbrus) is a series of Soviet supercomputer systems developed by Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering (ITMiVT) since the 1970s. Since 1990s the development continued by MCST (Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies, ), a spin-off of the ITMiVT.

There are other microprocessors from MCST, that are compatible with U.S.-developed SPARC architecture.

* "Elbrus 1" (1973) was the first Soviet integrated circuit computer,Fact|date=February 2007 and the first fourth generation Soviet computer, developed by Vsevolod Burtsev. Used tag-based architecture and ALGOL as system language like the Burroughs large systems. It was used by the Defense Ministry. A side development was an update of the 1965 BESM-6 as Elbrus-1K2.
* "Elbrus 2" (1977) was a 10-processor computer, considered the first Soviet supercomputer, with superscalar RISC processors. Re-implementation of the Elbrus 1 architecture with the fast ECL chips. It was used in the space program, nuclear weapons research, and defense systems.
* "Elbrus 3" (1986) was a 16-processor computer developed by Boris Babaian. Differing completely from the architecture of both Elbrus 1 and Elbrus 2, it employed VLIW architecture.
* "Elbrus 2000" or "E2K" was a vaporware project to implement Elbrus 3 architecture as a microprocessor.
* The current SPARC-like systems have been developed from 1996 with the "Elbrus-90micro" and the company was formed under an agreement with Sun Microsystems in 1997. The company reported in 1998 the development of an innovative EPIC processor dubbed "E2K" by a team under Boris Babaian.
* "Elbrus-3M". One processor computer. It was used to test the new, VLIW/EPIC (Very Long Instruction Word/Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing) type processor "Elbrus". This processor is based on MCST/Elbrus E2K (or Elbrus 2000) architecture. The processor "Elbrus" (300 MHz, power consumption < 5 W) is fabricated with 0.13 micron technology. It has 75 millions of transistors and it executes up to 23 instructions per clock cycle. Performance: 23.7 GIPS/2.4 GFLOPS (64 bits), 4.8 GFLOPS (32 bits). This processor is manufactured in Taiwan.
* "Elbrus-3M1" is the latest computer of MCST/Elbrus. It has two processors "Elbrus". It can work in parallel (using high velocity connections) with others Elbrus computers. So, the Elbrus-3M1 could be used to build super computers. According to the results of tests, the peak performance of the "Elbrus-3M1" computer is in the range of 11.6 GFLOPS to 45.2 GFLOPS, depending on the format of data.
* "Elbrus-3S" will be the next computer of MCST/Elbrus, projected 2009. It will have four VLIW/EPIC type processors "Elbrus-S" (500 MHz, 0.09 micron technology, system on a chip).
* "Microprocessor Elbrus-PF", projected 2011. 65 nm technology, 8 cores VLIW/EPIC processor. With the transition to 45 nm technology, this processor will be a clock frequency of 2 GHz, and a performance of 8 TFLOPS. This processor will be used to build supercomputer with PFLOPS performance.

ee also

* List of Soviet computer systems

External links

* [http://www.mcst.ru Elbrus website in Russian]
* [http://www.hi-tech.ournet.md/elbrus_e2k.html Elbrus E2K]
* [http://www.mcst.ru/2-3.htm "Elbrus" processor info (russian)]
* [http://www.mcst.ru/8-9.htm "Elbrus-3M1" computer info (russian)]
* [http://www.mcst.ru/doc/070711/vorobushkov.ppt (I) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"]
* [http://www.mcst.ru/doc/070711/shmaev.ppt (II) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1"]
* [http://www.mcst.ru/doc/070711/sherstnev.ppt (I) Power Point document "Elbrus-3S"]
* [http://www.mcst.ru/doc/070711/nedbailo.ppt (II) Power Point document "Elbrus-3S"]
* [http://www.espacial.org/miscelaneas/computacion/elbrus_mcst1.htm Russian microprocessors: An overview (Spanish - Espacial.org)]


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