Alma Ata Declaration

The Declaration of Alma-Ata was adopted at the International Conference on Primary Health Care (PHC), Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), currently in Kazakhstan, 6-12 September 1978.^[1] It expressed the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers, and the world community to protect and promote the health of all the people of the world. It was the first international declaration underlining the importance of primary health care. The primary health care approach has since then been accepted by member countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the key to achieving the goal of "Health For All".

Description

The Conference called for urgent and effective national and international action to develop and implement primary health care throughout the world and particularly in developing countries in a spirit of technical cooperation and in keeping with a New International Economic Order. It urged governments, WHO and UNICEF, and other international organizations, as well as multilateral and bilateral agencies, non-governmental organizations, funding agencies, all health workers and the whole world community to support national and international commitment to primary health care and to channel increased technical and financial support to it, particularly in developing countries. The Conference called on all the aforementioned to collaborate in introducing, developing and maintaining primary health care in accordance with the spirit and content of the Declaration. The Declaration has 10 points and is non-binding on member states.

Definition of health

The first section of the declaration reaffirms the WHO definition of health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."^[2] The definition seeks to include social and economic sectors within the scope of attaining health and reaffirms health as a human right.

Equity

The declaration highlighted the inequity between the developed and the developing countries and termed it politically, socially and economically unacceptable.

Health as a socio-economic issue and as a human right

The third section called for economic and social development as a pre-requisite to the attainment of health for all. It also declared positive effects on economic and social development and on world peace through promotion and protection of health of the people.

Participation of people as a group or individually in planning and implementing their health care was declared as a human right and duty.

Role of the State

This section emphasized on the role of the State in providing adequate health and social measures. This section enunciated the call for Health for all which became a campaign of the WHO in the coming years. It defined Health for All as the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. The declaration urged governments, international organizations and the whole world community to take this up as a main social target in the spirit of social justice.

Primary health care and components

This section defined primary health care and urged signatories to incorporate the concept of primary health care in their health systems. Primary health care has since been adopted by many member nations. More recently, Margaret Chan, the Director-General of the WHO has reaffirmed the primary health care approach as the most efficient and cost-effective way to organize a health system. She also pointed out that international evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates that health systems oriented towards primary health care produce better outcomes, at lower costs, and with higher user satisfaction.^[3]

The seventh section lists the components of primary health care. The next two sections called on all governments to incorporate primary health care approach in their health systems and urged international cooperation in better use of the world's resources.

See also

• Global health
• Health policy
• Primary health care
• Public health
• World Health Organization
• Alliance for Healthy Cities

Notes

1. ^ WHO. Declaration from the website of the World Health Organization.
2. ^ WHO. Definition of health from WHO Constitution. The same is reaffirmed by the Alma Ata Declaration World Health Organization; 2006
3. ^ Keynote address of Dr. Margaret Chan at the International Seminar on Primary Health Care in Rural China in November 2007

External links

• Declaration of Alma-Ata.