Peroxisomal targeting signal
- Peroxisomal targeting signal
A peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) is a region of the peroxisomal protein that receptors recognize and bind to. [cite web
url=http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/abstract/105/6/2923
title=Identification of a peroxisomal targeting signal at the carboxy terminus of firefly luciferase -- Gould et al. 105 (6): 2923 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
publisher=www.jcb.org
accessdate=2008-05-13
last=
first=]
Overview
All peroxisomal proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and must be directed to the peroxisome. The first step in this process is the binding of the protein to a receptor. The receptor then directs the complex to the peroxisome. Receptors recognize and bind to a region of the peroxisomal protein called a peroxisomal targeting signal, or PTS.
Peroxisomes consist of a matrix surrounded by a specific membrane. Most peroxisomal matrix proteins contain a short sequence, usually three amino acids at the extreme carboxy tail of the protein, that serves as the PTS. The prototypic sequence (many variations exist) is serine-lysine-leucine. This motif, and its variations, is known as the PTS1, and the receptor is termed the PTS1 receptor. It was found that the PTS1 receptor is encoded by the PEX5 gene.
A few peroxisomal matrix proteins have a different, and less conserved sequence, at their amino termini. This PTS2 signal is recognized by the PTS2 receptor, encoded by the PEX7 gene.
"PEX" refers to a group of genes that were identified as being important for peroxisomal synthesis. The numerical attributions, such as PEX5, generally refer to the order in which they were first discovered.
Proteins destined for the peroxisomal membrane contain a "mPTS" sequence, which is more poorly defined and may consist of discontinuous subdomains. One of these usually is a cluster of basic amino acids (arginines and lysines) within a loop of protein (i.e., between membrane spans) that will face the matrix. The identity of the mPTS receptor is somewhat controversial; the best candidate is the product of PEX19.
References
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
Signal peptide — A signal peptide is a short (3 60 amino acids long) peptide chain that directs the post translational transport of a protein. Signal peptides may also be called targeting signals, signal sequences, transit peptides, or localization signals. The… … Wikipedia
Protein targeting — This article deals with protein targeting in eukaryotes except where noted. Protein targeting or protein sorting is the mechanism by which a cell transports proteins to the appropriate positions in the cell or outside of it. Sorting targets can… … Wikipedia
PEX5 — Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5, also known as PEX5, is a human gene. [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PEX5 Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene Cmd=ShowDetailView TermToSearch=5830| accessdate … Wikipedia
PEX14 — Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14, also known as PEX14, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PEX14 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 14| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene Cmd=ShowDetailView TermToSearch=5195| accessdate … Wikipedia
PEX13 — Peroxisome biogenesis factor 13, also known as PEX13, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PEX13 peroxisome biogenesis factor 13| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene Cmd=ShowDetailView TermToSearch=5194| accessdate … Wikipedia
Peroxisome — Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles in eukaryotes that participate in the metabolism of fatty acids and other metabolites. Peroxisomes have enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides. They have a single lipid bilayer membrane that separates… … Wikipedia
D-bifunctional protein deficiency — Classification and external resources ICD 10 E80.3 OMIM 261515 DiseasesDB … Wikipedia
D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency — (officially called 17 β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation disorder. Peroxisomal disorders are usually caused by a combination of peroxisomal assembly defects or by deficiencies of specific… … Wikipedia
Morn repeat containing 1 — Identifiers Symbols MORN1; FLJ13941 External IDs MGI … Wikipedia
PTS — can refer to or stand for: * 6 pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase, a class of enzymes * The PTS gene encoding the 6 pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase enzyme in humans * Pacific Telemanagement Services, an independent payphone operator * Paid to… … Wikipedia
