Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2006

The Ukrainian parliamentary election took place on March 26, 2006. Election campaigning officially began on July 7, 2005. Between November 26 and December 31, 2005 party lists of candidates were formed.

This election to the Ukrainian parliament, Verkhovna Rada, was held according to the Party-list proportional election system—that is, in a single nation-wide electoral district with votes being allocated to the political parties or election blocs rather than to individual candidates. In the previous parliamentary elections half of parliamentary representatives (deputies) were elected on proportional basis, while the other half were elected in single-mandate constituencies.

The constitution was amended in 2005 following negotiations and agreements during the 2004 presidential elections, abolishing single member-districts and replacing them with an increased multi-member proportional representation. The amended constitution, which took effect on January 1, 2006, also transferred some power from the President to the parliament, making Ukraine a parliamentary-presidential democracy.

According to the election law and the system adopted, the political parties or election blocs need to collect at least 3% of the national vote in order to gain seats in parliament.

Results

According to the Central Election Commission of Ukraine 67.13% of registered voters participated in the election.

On April 10 the Central Election Commission (CVK) announced the final results of vote counting; the results can be seen at the [http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2006/w6p001e.html Commission's website] . As a result of the election, out of 45 parties, only 5 passed the required 3% electoral threshold (see the table below).

Comparing the results with early polls, it was unexpected that President Viktor Yushchenko's party "Our Ukraine" received less than 14% of the national vote, coming third after the Party of Regions, and the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc.

As per preliminary results, the Ukrainian Communist Party was soundly trounced, getting less than 4% of the vote and 21 deputies as a result, as opposed to their 20% in the 2002 elections.

The People's Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko did not pass the electoral threshold collecting only 2.93% of total votes recorded, 0.07% short of the required 3% electoral threshold. According to the law the threshold is calculated based on the total number of the voted ballots, including the general non-confidence votes (i.e. ballots of those who voted "against all parties" listed) as well as invalid votes (e.g. votes for more than one party as such option is not provided by electoral law). If such votes were excluded from the total, then Vitrenko party would have received over 3% of the formal vote. Commenting the preliminary results the leader of the Opposition Bloc, Natalia Vitrenko expressed: "Based on what grounds CVK shows the total number of actual voters as 25,250 thousands? According to CVK data, 2% of votes are invalid, and 1.8% are "against all", therefore these numbers should be excluded. The base for calculations should not be more than 24,500 thousand; and that is 3% out of the votes that CVK counted for out Bloc." [http://www.vitrenko.org/start.php?lang=1&part_id=1&article_id=1994] Nonetheless, according to the Law on Election, Article 1.4 "The mandates are distributed to the parties (blocs) that obtained no less than three percents of votes of voters that "participated" in the election"

A set of parties which did not pass the electoral threshold, notably People's Opposition Bloc of Natalia Vitrenko and the Opposition Bloc "Ne Tak" have made claims of the elections being highly falsified and asked for vote recount. Recent reports in the media have indicated that Ukraine's President has also suggested that if necessary a partial recount of the March 26 ballot should be made. If significant mistakes were made in the tally of votes there is a chance for Opposition Block of Natalia Vitrenko to exceed the 3% threshold required by law.

Over 22% of voters who supported minor candidates (with less than the 3%) will not be represented by the parties elected due to the electoral method used (party list proportional representation with an election threshold).

Following the first meeting of the parliament on May 25, 2006 a long negations took place on the formation of the ruling coalition. An agreement that an 'Orange' coalition between (1) Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko, (2) Bloc "Our Ukraine", and (3) Socialist Party of Ukraine was to form the government was finally reached on June 22. The coalition deal was signed after President Yuschenko relented his previous opposition to Yulia Timoshenko becoming Prime Minister.

This deal was violated, however, when the Socialists decided to instead create a coalition with the Communist Party and the Party of Regions. The leader of the Socialists, Oleksander Moroz, was elected Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada on July 6. Viktor Yanukovych was made Prime Minister on August 4, with the backing of his rival's "Our Ukraine" Bloc, after the parties agreed on the principals of state policy expressed in the Universal of National Unity.

World reaction

According to Arabic newsmedia Aljazeera, Party of the regions had alleged that the general elections had been marred by irregularities and poor organisation as the first exit polls were published. But while acknowledging some organisational problems, most other parties and Western observers have given the vote a largely clean bill of health. [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/E183CA1E-0E78-4572-A47B-664542C06E56.htm]

Russian newspaper Izvestia predicts that Ukraine can expect more political instability and worsening economic situation. [http://izvestia.ru/world/article3091429/]

According to Russian Gazeta.ru, Tymoshenko, Yushchenko and the Socialists can form a coalition. Yulia Tymoshenko was sure she will become a new PM. Yushchenko and Georgian President Saakishvili already congratulated her with victory. [http://gazeta.ru/2006/03/27/last193554.shtml] , [http://gazeta.ru/2006/03/27/last193551.shtml] , [http://gazeta.ru/2006/03/27/last193555.shtml]

According to Russian RIAN, Tymoshenko promised to reconsider the Russian-Ukrainian gas deal. [http://www.rian.ru/economy/economic_crimes/20060327/44821283.html]

Washington Post informed that Yushchenko's party was beaten into a humiliating third place in parliamentary elections as the pro-Russian party of the man he defeated for the presidency 16 months ago appeared headed for a clear victory, according to exit polls. The Party of Regions, led by Viktor Yanukovych, who was defeated by Yushchenko in 2004 following massive street protests known as the Orange Revolution, secured a commanding 33.3 percent of the vote, according to one poll. A second exit poll gave his party 27.5 percent. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/26/AR2006032600624.html]

On March 27, Arabic Aljazeera reported that Yulia Tymoshenko, the former PM, had scored a triumph in parliamentary elections with her own bloc coming second and placing her in a position to form a coalition government. Viktor Yanukovich's pro-Russian Regions party won the most seats, but Tymoshenko emerged as a rejuvenated political figure, saying that "Orange Revolution" liberals could close ranks to keep the pro-Russian party in opposition. The outcome was a double humiliation for Viktor Yushchenko, the president, who defeated Yanukovich in a presidential poll re-run after December's 2004 street protests, and later fell out with Tymoshenko, his former Orange Revolution comrade. [http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/70155A2E-DC29-4235-940F-1499986B8C3B.htm]

According to Forbes.com, Tymoshenko urged her estranged Orange Revolution allies to form a united front against their old pro-Russian nemesis, who was leading in early results from a weekend parliamentary election. Proposed coalition talks, which were supposed to get under way Monday, were delayed indefinitely. [http://www.forbes.com/home/feeds/ap/2006/03/27/ap2624506.html]

Russian online media Lenta.ru reported that activists of Vitrenko's party erected tents and started boycotting the premises of Ukrainian Central Election Commission in protest of alleged violations. [http://lenta.ru/news/2006/04/01/opposition/] . According to Interfax-Ukraine, the tents are mostly empty. [http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2006/4/1/40517.htm]

Parties and electoral blocs registered

In all, the record number of 45 parties registered for the election, with only 5 of them have obtained the minimum 3% quota required to elect representatives to the Ukrainian parliament. Seats in the Verkhovna Rada are allocated among those parties obtaining the 3% quota according to the largest remainder method of seat allocation, using the Hare quota. Each Party meeting the 3% quota is entitled to appoint one representative for every 1/450 (approximately 0.22%) of the total vote allocated to all parties meeting the 3% threshold, with remaining seats being awarded to the parties with the largest remaining fractions of 1/450 of the total vote allocated to all parties meeting the 3% threshold.

Name of the party or electoral bloc (number of candidates):

"(Parties or blocs which have obtained at least 3% of the vote are in bold)"col-begin
*Communist Party of Ukraine (449)
*Party of Regions (446)
*People's Movement of Ukraine for Unity (42)
*Party of Social Protection (20)
*Political Party "European Capital" (35)
*Nataliya Vitrenko Bloc "People's Opposition" (390)
**Party "Rus'-Ukrainian Union"
**Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine
*All-Ukrainian Party of People's Trust (41)
*Lazarenko Bloc (130)
**Party "Social Democratic Union"
**Political Party All-Ukrainian Union "Hromada"
**Social Democratic Party of Ukraine
*Bloc "Our Ukraine" (393)
**Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists
**People's Movement of Ukraine
**Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of Ukraine
**Party of Christian Democratic Union
**Political Party People's Union Our Ukraine
**Ukrainian Republican Party "Assembly"
*Lytvyn's People's Bloc (444)
**People's Party
**Party of All-Ukrainian Union of the Left "Justice"
**Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party
*Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine (24)
*Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc (409)
**All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"
**Ukrainian Social-Democratic Party
*Socialist Party of Ukraine (390)
*Electoral Bloc "Yevhen Marchuk - "Unity" (82)
**Party of Freedom
**Party "Solidarity of Women of Ukraine"
**Ukrainian Party "Unity"
*Electoral Bloc of Political Parties of Borys Olijnyk and Myhailo Syrota (99)
**Political Party "Informational Ukraine"
**Political Party "Party of Health"
**Labor Party of Ukraine
*"Oppositional bloc NE TAK!" (NOT YES!) (441)
**Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united)
**Republican Party of Ukraine
**"Women for the Future" All-Ukrainian Political Union
**Political Party "All-Ukrainian Union "Center"
*Ukrainian People's Bloc of Kostenko and Plyusch (216)
**Party of Free Peasants and Entrepreneurs of Ukraine
**Political Party "Collected Ukraine"
**Ukrainian People's Party
*Party of Greens of Ukraine (87)
*Bloc NDP (376)
**Democratic Party of Ukraine
**People's Democratic Party
**Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine
**Christian Liberal Party of Ukraine
*Party "Viche" (58)
*Social Christian Party (36)
*Ukrainian Conservative Party (31)
*Party of Pensioners of Ukraine (93)
*Political party "Forwards, Ukraine!" (77)
*"Electoral bloc "State - Labor Union" (263)
**All-Ukrainian Party of Laborious
**Political Party "State"
*Electoral bloc of political parties "FOR UNION" (83)
**Party "Socialist Ukraine"
**Party "Union"
**Political Party "Homeland"
**Slavic Party
*Party "Renassainse" (86)
*Political Party "Working Ukraine" (20)
*Ukrainian Party "Green Planet" (28)
*Electoral Bloc "Power to the People" (173)
**All-Ukrainian Party of Spirituality and Patriotism
**All-Ukrainian Chernobyl People's Party "For Welfare and Social Protection of the People"
**Party of Protection of Pensioners of Ukraine
*All-Ukrainian Party "New Force" (185)
*"Civil Bloc PORA-PRP" (244)
**Civil Party "Pora"
**Party "Reforms and Order"
*Liberal Party of Ukraine (43)
*Political Party of Ukraine "Party of PUTIN's Politics" (162)
*Social Ecological Party "Union. Chernobyl. Ukraine." (54)
*Bloc "Patriots of Ukraine" (99)
**Patriotic Party of Ukraine
**Ukrainian National Conservative Party
*"Yuriy Karmazin Bloc" (59)
**All-Ukrainian Party of Peace and Unity
**Party of Defenders of Homeland
**Party "National Democratic Union "Ukraine"
*Party of Patriotic Forces of Ukraine (103)
*Political Party "Party of Ecological Rescue "EKO+25%" (140)
*Political Party Third Force (208)
*Ukrainian People's Assembly (22)
*All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom" (109)
*Peasant Party of Ukraine (65)
*Bloc of Partyless "Sun" (129)
*Ukrainian Party of Honor, Combating Corruption, and Organized Crime (44)

Exit-polls

"The map to the right shows the non administrative regional division used by KIIS: The Western region (orange) comprises the eight oblasts of the west - Volyn, Rivne, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi, Transcarpathia, and Chernivtsi oblasts; the Central region (yellow) is made up by Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia, Kirovohrad, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Chernihiv and Kiev oblasts as well as the city of Kiev; the Southern region (light blue) consists of Dnipropetrovsk, Odessa, Mykolayiv, Kherson, Zaporizhzhia oblasts, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol; the Eastern region (dark blue) includes Kharkiv, Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts"

References

#Razumkov Centre: [http://uv.ukranews.com/r6/rating/article.html?id=9318 21 листопада 2005 Рейтинг політичних партій України (Центр ім.О. Разумков)] (Conducted 3-13 November 2005, published 21 November 2005, Ukrainian only, edited)
#Razumkov Centre: [http://uv.ukranews.com/r6/rating/article.html?id=14963 20 січня 2006 Електоральні рейтинги партій і блоків (Центр ім.О. Разумков)] (Conducted 12-17 January 2006, published 20 January, Ukrainian only, edited)
#Razumkov Centre: [http://uv.ukranews.com/r6/rating/article.html?id=16981 8 лютого 2006 Наміри голосування на виборах до Верховної Ради України та ідеологічні орієнтації громадян (Центр ім.О. Разумков)] (Conducted 26-31 January 2006, published 8 February, Ukrainian only, edited)
#The November survey included Vitrenko's Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine. In January it was replaced with Nataliya Vitrenko Bloc "People's Opposition", which also includes the Party "Rus'-Ukrainian Union" (RUS')
#Kiev International Institute of Sociology: [http://www.kiis.com.ua/eng/doc/09022006/press09022006.doc Report Documentation Link]

ee also

*List of political parties in Ukraine
*Voting systems
*Proportional representation
*Alternative vote
*Ukrainian parliamentary election, 2002
*Ukrainian presidential election, 2004
*Orange Revolution

External links

*en icon/uk icon [http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2006/w6p001e.html 2006 Parliament Election: Official website of the Central Election Commission of Ukraine]
*en icon [http://www.oscepcu-elections.org/ OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine website]
*en icon [http://www.aegee.tv/movies/archive/movies/307.html Short film: AEGEE's Election Observation Mission]
*en icon [http://www.ifes.org/files/releases/Ukraine_Survey_Executive_Summary.pdf Findings from an IFES November 2005 Survey 2]
*ru icon [http://www.korrespondent.net/main/135299/ Review of the most recent polls as of November 3, 2005]
*ru icon [http://www.candydat.com.ua/social.htm Additional polls]
*cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/16/AR2006071600719.html|title=The People's Choice|work=Editorial|publisher=The Washington Post|date=2006-07-16