Tintin (magazine)

"Le journal de Tintin" (in its French-speaking version), "Kuifje" (Dutch-speaking version), was a weekly Belgian comics magazine of the second half of the 20th century. Subtitled "The Journal for the Youth from 7 to 77", it has been one of the major sources of creation in the Franco-Belgian comics scene and published some famous series such as "Blake and Mortimer", "Alix", and the principal title "The Adventures of Tintin". The first publication was in 1946, and it ceased for good in 1993. A Greek version existed during 1969-1972.

The magazine "Tintin" was part of an elaborate publishing scheme. The magazine's primary content focused on a new page or two from several forthcoming comic albums which had yet to be published as a whole, thus drawing weekly readers who could not bear to wait until later for entire albums. There were several ongoing stories at any given time, giving wide exposure to lesser known artists. "Tintin" was also available bound as a hardcover or softcover collection. The content always included fill material, some of which was of considerable interest to fans, for example alternate versions of pages of the Tintin stories, and interviews with authors and artists. Not every comic appearing in "Tintin" was later put into book form, which was another incentive to subscribe to the magazine. If the quality of "Tintin" printing was high compared to American comic books through the 1970s, the quality of the story albums was superb, utilizing expensive paper and printing processes (and having accompanyingly high prices).

Early history: 1946 to 1949

Raymond Leblanc and his partners had started a small publishing house after World War II, and decided to create an illustrated youth magazine. They decided that "Tintin" would be the perfect hero, as he was already very well known. Business partner André Sinave went to see Hergé, and proposed creating the magazine. Hergé, who had worked for "Le Soir" during the war, was being prosecuted for having collaborated with the Germans. He thus did not have a publisher at the moment.cite journal |first=Toon |last=Horsten |year=2006 |month=December |title=De 9 levens van Raymond Leblanc |journal=Stripgids |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=10–19] After consulting his friend Edgar Pierre Jacobs, Hergé agreed. The first issue, published on 26 September 1946, was in French and entitled "Tintin". It featured Hergé, Jacobs, Paul Cuvelier and Jacques Laudy as artists.Cite web|last=Lambiek Comiclopedia|title="Tintin" comic magazine|url=http://lambiek.net/magazines/tintin.htm] Simultaneously, a Dutch version entitled "Kuifje" was published, Kuifje being the name of the eponymous character Tintin in Dutch. 40,000 copies were made in French, and 20,000 in Dutch. In 1948, when the magazine grew from 12 to 20 pages and a version for France was created, a bunch of new young artists joined the team: the French Etienne le Rallic and Jacques Martin, Dino Attanasio and the Flemish Willy Vandersteen.

For the Dutch language version "Kuifje", a separate editor-in-chief was appointed, Karel Van Milleghem. He invented the famous slogan "The magazine for the Youth of 7 until 77", and gave Raymond Leblanc the idea for the animation studio Belvision, which became the largest European animation studio and produced 10 long movies, including a few Tintin ones. It was Van Milleghem who introduced Bob De Moor to the magazine and to Hergé. He became a regular in the magazine and the main artist in the Studio Hergé. During decades, Hergé kept artistic control over the magazine, even though he was sometimes absent for long periods and new work of his became rarer. His influence is highly evident in "Suske en Wiske" for which he imposed onto Vandersteen a stronger attention to the scenarios, the cutting, decors, leading to some of the best "Suske en Wiske" albums.

The Tintin-voucher

In order to keep its readership loyal, the journal created a sort of fidelity passport, called the "Chèque Tintin" in France (Tintin-voucher) and "Timbre Tintin" in Belgium (Tintin-stamp), which was offered with every issue of the magazine, in every comic album by Le Lombard, and on many food products as well. These stamps could be exchanged for various gifts not available in commercial establishments. Other brands, mostly from food companies, affiliated themselves to the Tintin-voucher system: they would be found on flour, semolina boxes, ... A Tintin soda existed, and even Tintin-shoes. The French Railways Company went as far as to propose 100km of railway transportation for 800 stamps.Among the gifts, there were super chromos extracted from the magazine issues, or even original art.

At the time the vouchers were initiated, the magazine sold 80,000 copies in Belgium and only 70,000 in France. Due to the success of the vouchers, the circulation in France quickly rose to 300,000 a week. The vouchers disappeared again at the end of the 1960s.

The 1950s

In the 1950s new artists and series showed up:
*Tibet with its humoristic western "Chick Bill" and his detective series "Ric Hochet"
*Raymond Macherot, with his detective series "Clifton"
*Jean Graton with "Michel Vaillant"
*Albert Uderzo and René Goscinny with "Oumpah-pah"

The magazine became more and more international and successful: at one time, there were separate versions for France, Switzerland, Canada, Belgium and the Netherlands, with about 600,000 copies a week. The magazine had increased to 32 pages, and a cheaper version was created as well: "Chez Nous" (in French) / "Ons Volkske" (in Dutch), printed on cheaper paper and featuring mainly reprints from "Tintin" magazine, plus some new series by Tibet and Studio Vandersteen.

"Spirou" and "Tintin" rivalry

"Tintin" magazine has always been in competition with "Spirou". If one artist was published by one of the magazines, he would not be published by the other one. This was a gentleman's agreement between the two publishers, Raymond Leblanc of Le Lombard and Charles Dupuis of Dupuis. One notable exception was André Franquin, whom in 1955, after a dispute with its editor, moved from the more popular "Spirou" to "Tintin". The dispute was quickly settled, but Franquin had signed an agreement with "Tintin" for five years. He created "Modeste et Pompon" for "Tintin" while pursuing work for "Spirou". He quit "Tintin" at the end of his contract. Some artists moved from "Spirou" to "Tintin" like Eddy Paape and Liliane & Fred Funcken, while some went from "Tintin" to "Spirou" like Raymond Macherot and Berck.

The 1960s

In the 1960s the magazine kept on attracting new artists. The editorial line was clearly leant towards humor, with Greg (as editor-in-chief and author of series such as the remake of "Zig et Puce"), Jo-El Azara (with "Taka Takata"), Dany (with "Olivier Rameau") and Dupa (with "Cubitus"). Other authors joined the magazine like William Vance (with "Ringo" and "Bruno Brazil") and Hermann (with "Bernard Prince").

The 1970s

In the 1970s the comics' scene in France and Belgium went through important changes. The mood for magazines had declined in favor of albums in the late 1960s. In 1965, Greg was appointed chief editor. He transformed the editorial line, in order to keep the pace with the new way of thinking of the time. The characters gained psychological dimensions, real women characters appeared, and sex. New foreign artists series were added to the magazine. Moralizing articles and long biographies disappeared also. These transformations were crowned with success, leading to the Yellow Kid prize at the festival of Lucca, awarded to the magazine in 1972 for the best publication of the year. Greg quit his chief editor position in 1974.The major new authors in the 1970s were:
*Derib ("Buddy Longway")
*Franz ("Jugurtha")
*Cosey ("Jonathan")
*Gilles Chaillet ("Vasco")
*Jean-Claude Servais
*Hugo Pratt ("Corto Maltese")
*Will Eisner ("The Spirit")

And more in the humor vein:
*Turk & De Groot with "Robin Dubois".

The 1980s and 1990s

The 1980s showed a steady decline of popularity of "Tintin" magazine, with different short lived attempts to attract a new audience. Adolescents and adults preferred "(A SUIVRE)", if they read comics at all, and younger children seemed less inclined to read comic magazines and preferred comic books. Still, some important new authors and series started, including Grzegorz Rosiński, with "Thorgal", and Andreas, with "Rork".

In 1988, the circulation of the French version had dropped to 100,000, and when the contract between the Hergé family and Raymond Leblanc finished, the name was changed to "Tintin Reporter" and Alain Baran, a friend of Hergé, tried to revive the magazine. The magazine disappeared after six months, leaving behind a financial disaster.. The circulation of the magazine dropped dramatically, and publication of the Dutch version "Kuifje" ceased in 1992, and the French version, renamed "Hello BD", finally disappeared in 1993.

ources

* [http://bdoubliees.com/tintinbelge/index.html Dossier and issue index of Belgian "Tintin"] and [http://bdoubliees.com/journaltintin/index.html French "Tintin"] BDoubliées fr_icon;Footnotes

External links

* [http://lambiek.net/magazines/tintin.htm "Tintin" comic magazine] on Lambiek Comiclopecdia