Hobby (bird)

Taxobox
name = Hobbies


image_width = 220px
image_caption = Eurasian Hobby ("Falco subbuteo") showing the typical color pattern
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Falconiformes
familia = Falconidae
genus = "Falco"
subgenus = "Hypotriorchis"
subgenus_authority = Boie, 1826
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = 6-9, see text.

A hobby is a fairly small, very swift falcon with long, narrow wings. There are four birds called "hobby", and some others which, although termed "falcon", are very similar. All specialise in being superb aerialists. Although they will take prey on the ground if the opportunity presents itself, most prey is caught on the wing: insects by hawking, birds are flown down: even swifts and swallows often cannot outpace or outmanoeuver a hobby.

The "typical" hobbies are traditionally considered a subgenus "Hypotriorchis" due to their similar morphology: they have ample amounts of dark slaty grey in their plumage; the malar area is black and the underside usually has lengthwise black streaks. The tails are all-dark or have only slight bands (White "et al." 1994).

Monophyly of "Hypotriorchis" is supported by DNA sequence data, though the exact limits of the group are still uncertain. The hobbies seem to be one of the "Falco" lineages which emerged around the Miocene-Pliocene boundary some 8-5 million years ago and subsequently radiated - in this case throughout the Old World. Their relationship to the Peregrine Falcon group and the kestrels is not well resolved, however; taxa like the Red-footed Falcon appear in some respects intermediate between the kestrels and the typical hobbies. [Helbig "et al." (1994), Wink "et al." (1998), Groombridge "et al." (2002), Nittinger "et al." (2005)]

* Eurasian Hobby ("Falco subbuteo"), also known as the Northern Hobby.
* African Hobby ("Falco cuvierii").
* Oriental Hobby ("Falco severus").
* Australian Hobby or Little Falcon ("Falco longipennis") is uncommon but widespread in Australia. During the southern winter, some birds migrate to the north of the continent or to the islands of South-east Asia.
* Sooty Falcon ("Falco concolor") of the North African desert.
* Eleonora's Falcon ("Falco eleonorae") occupies the Mediterranean area during the northern summer, and migrates south to Madagascar for the southern summer.

The following species are tentatively placed here:
* Karearea or New Zealand Falcon ("Falco novaeseelandiae").
* Brown Falcon ( "Falco berigora")
* Taita Falcon ("Falco fasciinucha")

Footnotes

References

* (2002): A molecular phylogeny of African kestrels with reference to divergence across the Indian Ocean. "Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" 25(2): 267–277. DOI|10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00254-3 (HTML abstract)
* (1994): Phylogenetic relationships among falcon species (genus Falco) according to DNA sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene. "In:" aut|Meyburg, B.-U. & Chancellor, R.D. (editors): "Raptor conservation today": 593-599. [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/1994/4.%201994.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (2005): Out of Africa? Phylogenetic relationships between "Falco biarmicus" and other hierofalcons (Aves Falconidae). "Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" 43(4): 321-331. doi|10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00326.x [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/2005/28.2005.pdf PDF fulltext]
* (1994): Family Falconidae. "In:" aut|del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (editors): "Handbook of Birds of the World, Volume 2 (New World Vultures to Guineafowl)": 216-275, plates 24-28. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-15-6
* (1998): Molecular systematics of holarctic raptors (Order Falconiformes). "In:" aut|Chancellor, R.D., Meyburg, B.-U. & Ferrero, J.J. (editors): "Holarctic Birds of Prey": 29-48. Adenex & WWGBP. [http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/1998/31.%201998.pdf PDF fulltext]