Anacamptis

Taxobox
name = Anacamptis

---

image_caption = Pyramidal Orchid ("Anacamptis pyramidalis")
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Liliopsida
ordo = Asparagales
familia = Orchidaceae
subfamilia = Orchidoideae
tribus = Orchideae
subtribus = Orchidinae
alliance = Orchis
genus = "Anacamptis"
genus_authority = Rich.
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = See text.

"Anacamptis" Rich., 1817 is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This genus is abbreviated as Ant. in trade journals.

The type species is "Anacamptis pyramidalis" [L.] L.C. Rich. 1818

The scientific name is derived from the Greek word 'anakamptein', meaning 'to bend backwards'.

These terrestrial orchids occur on grasslands, limestone or chalk deposits or on dunes in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.

They have linear to lanceolate leaves with an acute tip. They grow a long, pyramidal, erect spike with many fragrant flowers. These flowers bloom in summer. They are pollinated by moths and butterflies. Their proboscis is adapted to the long spur of these flowers.

Except "Anacamptis pyramidalis" all species listed below, were formerly classified under "Orchis morio"-clade. They have a diploid chromosome number of 32 or 36. A useful character for distinguishing "Anacamptis" from "Orchis" is the basal fusion of the three sepals in "Anacamptis".

The few bigeneric hybrids are between sister-genera (closely related clades), in this case "Anacamptis" x "Serapias". Recently found specimens of "Orchis mascula" x "Anacamptis morio", found in Cumbria, UK in 1997, proved short-lived because of a highly divergent genomic lineage.

pecies

*"Anacamptis boryi" (S. Greece, Crete).
*"Anacamptis champagneuxii" (W. Medit.)
*"Anacamptis collina" (Medit. to S. Turkmenistan).
*"Anacamptis coriophora" (Europe, Medit. to W. Asia) .
**"Anacamptis coriophora" subsp. "coriophora" (Europe to W. Asia).
**"Anacamptis coriophora" subsp. "fragrans" (Medit. to Iran).
*"Anacamptis fragrans" (Pollini) R.M.Bateman (comb. nov.)
*"Anacamptis israelitica" (N. Israel, Palestine).
*"Anacamptis laxiflora" (WC. Europe, Medit. to C. Asia).
*"Anacamptis longicornu" (W. & C. Medit.)
*"Anacamptis morio" : Green-veined Orchid, Green-winged Orchid (Europe, Medit. to Iran).
*"Anacamptis palustris" (Europe, Medit. to C. Asia).
**"Anacamptis palustris" subsp. "elegans" (Europe to C. Asia).
**"Anacamptis palustris" subsp. "palustris" (WC. Europe Medit. to Iran)
*"Anacamptis palustris" subsp. "robusta" (W. Morocco).
*"Anacamptis papilionacea" (Medit. to Iranà.
**"Anacamptis papilionacea" var. "cyrenaica" (NE. Libya).
**"Anacamptis papilionacea" var. "papilionacea" : Butterfly Orchid (Medit. to Iran).
*"Anacamptis picta" (Loiseleur) R.M.Bateman (comb. nov.)
*"Anacamptis pyramidalis" (L.) Rich.: Pyramidal Orchid, Maltese Pyramidal Orchid (Europe, Medit. to N. Iran).
**"Anacamptis pyramidalis" var. "tanayensis" (Switzerland)
**"Anacamptis pyramidalis" var. "urvilleana" (Sommier & Caruana) Kreutz
*"Anacamptis robusta" (T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman (comb. nov.)
*"Anacamptis sancta" (E. Medit. to Caucasus).
*"Anacamptis syriaca" (Cyprus, S. Turkey to Lebanon).

Natural hybrids

*"Anacamptis x albuferensis" ("Anacamptis fragrans" x "A. robusta") (nothosp. nov.)
*"Anacamptis × bornemanniae" ("Anacamptis longicornu" × "A. papilionacea") (N. Africa, Sardinia).
*"Anacamptis × duquesnei" ("Anacamptis palustris" × "A. pyramidalis")(France).
*"Anacamptis × gennarii " ("Anacamptis morio" × "A. papilinocea")(W. Medit.)
*"Anacamptis × klingei" ("Anacamptis laxiflora" × "A. pyramidalis") (France).
*"Anacamptis × laniccae" ("Anacamptis morio" × "A. pyramidalis") (Switzerland, France).
*"Anacamptis × lesbiensis" ("Anacamptis pyramidalis" × "A. sancta") (E. Aegean Is).
*"Anacamptis × simarrensis" ("Anacamptis fragrans" × "A. pyramidalis") (France, Italy, Greece).
*"Anacamptis × van-lookenii" ("Anacamptis papilionacea" × "A. pyramidalis") (France).

Intergeneric hybrids

* x"Anacamptiplatanthera" ("Anacamptis" x "Platanthera") (accepted name)
* x"Anacamptorchis" ("Anacamptis" x "Orchis") (unplaced name)
* x"Dactylocamptis" ("Anacamptis" × "Dactylorhiza") (accepted name)
* x"Gymnanacamptis" ("Anacamptis" × "Gymnadenia") (accepted name)
* x"Ophramptis" ("Anacamptis" x "Ophrys") (unplaced name)
* x"Serapicamptis" ("Anacamptis" × "Serapias") (accepted name)

References

*Richard M. Bateman "et al." - "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae)"; Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 142, 1–40.
*Bateman RM, Hollingsworth PM. - "Morphological and molecular delimitation of Anacamptis" (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), with particular reference to A. x albuferensis ; Taxon 2003

External links

* [http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/kewscientist/ks_12.pdf Kew Scientist, issue 12, October 1997]
* [http://culturesheet.org/orchidaceae:anacamptis "Anacamptis culture and care"] on the CultureSheet.org