Grumman

Infobox Defunct Company
company_name = Grumman Corporation
company_
slogan =
fate = Merged with Northrop
successor = Northrop Grumman
foundation = 1929
defunct = 1994
location = city-state|Bethpage|New York
industry = Aircraft; Aircraft Parts and Equipment; Data Processing and Preparation; Search and Navigation Equipment; Truck and Bus Bodies; Electrical Equipment and Supplies
key_people =
products = F4F Wildcat; F6F Hellcat; TBF Avenger; A-6 Intruder; F-14 Tomcat; Apollo Lunar Module
num_employees = 23,000 (1986)
parent =
subsid = Grumman Aerospace Corp.; Grumman Allied Industries, Inc.; Grumman Data Systems Corp.The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading 20th century U.S. producer of military and civilian aircraft. Founded on December 6, 1929, by Leroy Grumman with Jake Swirbul and William Schwendler, its independent existence ended in 1994 when it was acquired by Northrop Corporation to form Northrop Grumman.

History

Early history

Leroy Grumman and others worked for the Loening Aircraft Engineering Corporation in the 1920s, but when it was bought by Keystone Aircraft Corporation and the operations moved from New York City to Pennsylvania, Grumman and his partners (Edmund Ward Poor, William Schwendler, Jake Swirbul, and Clint Towl) started their own company in an old Cox-Klemin Aircraft Co. factory in Baldwin on Long Island, NY.

The company filed as a business on 5 December 1929, and opened its doors 2 January 1930. Keeping busy by welding aluminum tubing for truck frames, the company eagerly pursued contracts with the US Navy. Grumman designed the first practical floats with a retractable landing gear for the Navy, and this launched Grumman into the aviation market. The first Grumman aircraft was also for the Navy, the Grumman FF-1, a biplane with retractable landing gear. This was followed by a number of other successful designs.

World War II Navy Contracts

During World War II, Grumman became famous for its Navy fighter aircraft, F4F Wildcat and F6F Hellcat, and for its torpedo bomber TBF Avenger. Grumman's first jet plane, the F9F Panther, became operational in 1949, but the company's big postwar successes came in the 1960s with the A-6 Intruder and in the 1970s with the F-14 Tomcat.

Apollo Lunar Module

Grumman was also the chief contractor on the Apollo Lunar Module that landed men on the moon. They received the contract on 7 November, 1962, and ultimately built 13 lunar modules (LMs). As the Apollo program neared its end, Grumman was one of the chief competitors for the contract to design and build the Space Shuttle, but lost to Rockwell International.

Meanwhile, in 1969, the company changed its name to Grumman Aerospace Corporation, and in 1978 it sold the Grumman-American Division to Gulfstream Aerospace. Grumman built the Grumman Long Life Vehicle (LLV), a light transport mail truck designed for and used by the United States Postal Service. The LLV entered service in 1986.

Long Island location

For much of the Cold War period Grumman was the largest single corporate employer on Long Island. Grumman's products were considered so reliable and ruggedly built that the company was often referred to as the "Grumman Iron Works."

As the company grew, it moved to Valley Stream, New York, then Farmingdale, New York, finally ending up at Bethpage, New York, with the testing and final assembly at the convert|6000|acre|km2|sing=on Naval Weapons Station in Calverton, New York, all located on Long Island as well. At its peak in 1986 it employed 23,000 people on Long Island [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A06E7D91F3AF93BA35750C0A962958260 "Long Islanders Shocked by Grumman's Merger"] , New York Times, March 8, 1994.] and occupied convert|6000000|sqft|m2 in structures on convert|105|acre|km2 it leased from the U.S. Navy in Bethpage. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01EFD6123EF93BA15751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print "Commercial Property/Selling Off Northrop Grumman's Surplus; Cablevision Takes Last of the Grumman Buildings"] , New York Times, December 28, 1997.]

The end of the Cold War at the beginning of the 1990s and the ensuing reduced need for defense spending led to a wave of mergers as aerospace companies shrank; in 1994 Northrop bought Grumman for $2.1 billion to form Northrop Grumman, after Northrop topped a $1.9 billion offer from Martin Marietta. [ [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9902E7DA113FF936A35757C0A962958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print Northrop Bests Martin Marietta to Buy Grumman"] , New York Times, April 5, 1994.]

The new company closed almost all of its facilities on Long Island with the Bethpage plant being converted to a residential and office complex (with its headquarters at [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=1111+Stewart+Ave,+Bethpage,+NY+11714,+USA&sa=X&oi=map&ct=title 1111 Stewart Avenue] becoming the corporate headquarters for Cablevision) and the Calverton plant being turned into an airport that is being developed by Riverhead (town), New York. A portion of the airport property has been used for the Grumman Memorial Park. The company still occupies several buildings within the Bethpage campus and employs approximately 2,000 people.

Products

Aircraft

* The Cats
** F4F Wildcat
** F6F Hellcat
** F7F Tigercat
** F8F Bearcat
** F9F Panther
** F9F/F-9 Cougar
** XF10F Jaguar
** F11F/F-11 Tiger
** F-14 Tomcat
* Fighter aircraft
** Grumman FF
** Grumman F2F
** Grumman F3F
** XF5F Skyrocket
** Grumman XP-50
* Attack
** AF Guardian
** A-6 Intruder
* Bomber
** TBF Avenger
* Amphibious
** JF Duck
** J2F Duck
** G-21 Goose some modified as Super or Turbo Goose
** G-44 Widgeon
** HU-16 Albatross (Coast Guard UF-1/UF-2, Navy U-16, Civilian G-111)
** G-73 Mallard
* Other
** C-1 Trader
** E-1 Tracer
** S-2 Tracker
** E-2 Hawkeye
** C-2 Greyhound
** OV-1 Mohawk
** EA-6B Prowler
** Grumman X-29A
* Space
** Apollo Lunar Module
* Civilian
** Grumman Gulfstream I
** Grumman Gulfstream II
** Grumman American AA-1 (1971-76)
** Grumman American AA-1B Trainer (1971-76)
** Grumman American AA-5 Traveler (1972-75)
** Grumman American AA-5A Cheetah (1976-79)
** Grumman American AA-5B Tiger (1975-79)
** G-164 Ag Cat

Other

* Grumman Olson built aluminum truck bodies, known as a stepvan. Under the Grumman-Olson brand it made the P-600 and P-6800 step vans for UPS. Grumman also manufactured fire engines under the name Firecat for a time.
* Grumman made durable aluminum canoes.Fact|date=September 2008

References

External links

* [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Grumman-Corporation-Company-History.html International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 11. St. James Press, 1995 (via fundinguniverse.com)]
* [http://www.aerofiles.com/_grum.html Grumman profile on Aerofiles.com]
* [http://www.grummanpark.org/history.htm Grumman Memorial Park History Center]
* [http://ww2db.com/aircraft.php?q=Grumman+Aircraft+Engineering+Corporation&list=m WW2DB: Grumman Aircraft of WW2]
* [http://terraserver-usa.com/image.aspx?T=1&S=12&Z=18&X=784&Y=5639&W=3&qs=%7cbethpage+%7cnew+york%7c 1994 Aerial Photograph of Bethpage Headquarters] , including intact runways
* [http://www.laprimera.cl Grumman Firecat on Multimedia Gallery]