Smailholm Tower

Smailholm Tower is a peel tower that stands around five miles west of Kelso in the Scottish Borders. Its dramatic situation, atop a crag of Lady Hill, commands wide views over the surrounding countryside. The tower is located at grid reference gbmappingsmall|NT637346, just west of Sandyknowe farm, and is now a Scheduled Ancient Monument in the care of Historic Scotland. In June 2007 it was awarded the maximum "five-star" status as a tourist attraction from VisitScotland, a rating only bestowed on eight other sites in Scotland. [cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/south_of_scotland/6231300.stm|title=Remote tower takes visitor honour|publisher=BBC]

History

Smailholm Tower was originally built in the 15th century or early 16th century by the Pringle family. [Lindsay (1986), and Salter (1994) suggest the early 16th century (1997) gives the construction date as 'mid 15th century'.] Followers of the Earl of Douglas, the Pringle (anciently spelt Hoppringle) family had held the lands of Smailholm from the early 15th century, and managed part of Ettrick Forest for their feudal superior.

Smailholm Tower was designed, in common with all Scottish peel towers, to provide its occupants with protection from sporadic English raids. The tower was attacked by English soldiers in 1543, 1544 and again in 1546, when the garrison of Wark Castle sacked the tower and carried off prisoners and cattle. The castle was successfully defended against the English in 1640, by Sir Andrew Ker of Greenhead.

Smailholm was obtained by the Scotts of Harden around this time. [Salter states the Scotts obtained the property by marriage, while Coventry (2001) suggests the property was sold to the Scotts in 1645.] The Scotts, ancestors of Sir Walter, rebuilt parts of the tower and barmkin. In the 18th century the tower decayed, after the family moved into nearby Sandyknowe. The last owner, the Earl of Ellesmere, handed the property into state care in 1950. It was restored in the 1980s, and now operates as a museum.

The tower

Smailholm was a relatively small tower house, offering around 200 m² of floorspace, later extended by construction of a hall house and second kitchen within the "barmkin", or courtyard.

The rectangular tower is of four storeys, situated on top of a rocky outcrop. The tower is approximately 12.1 m by 9.4 m, with basalt rubble walls 2.4 m thick. The vaulted basement was originally divided into two floors by a wooden "éntresol" reached by a ladder. The door is on the south side, in a large red sandstone arch, with the turnpike stair in the south-east corner. Above the vault is the hall, with a fireplace to the north featuring a carved human face.

The top floor has an unusual elliptical stone vault, which supports a stone flag roof. Parapet walks run along the longer north and south sides, although both are interrupted; the north by a chimney and the south by a window. These upper parts of the tower, including a gunloop in the west gable covering the "barmkin", were remodelled in the 17th century.

The tower is surrounded by the remains of a stone "barmkin" wall, within which the ruins of outbuildings and a small chapel are still visible. The east part of the "barmkin" once contained a small garden, all of which is now gone. The western barmkin is more intact, with walls up to first floor level around the narrow entrance in the west wall. The courtyard, around 16 m by 19 m, contains the foundations of a single storey hall house of the 17th century to the north, and a two-roomed kitchen block to the south.

A ditch protects the western approach to the tower, the other three sides being naturally protected by the face of the outcrop. One hundred metres to the south-east, more earthworks mark the presence of a much older settlement, probably dating from the first millennium BC. [NMRS Site Reference NT63SW 1 [http://lmid1.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.details_gis?inumlink=57220] .]

Smailholm Tower is now used to display an extensive array of model people illustrating the history of Smailholm and the stories of Walter Scott, created by two local artists and employing high-quality embroidery and modelling techniques. From 2006, experiments were conducted on the roof to establish the most suitable damp-proofing method to apply to other such properties, including the planting of turf or mats of sedum plants.

ir Walter Scott

The tower provided inspiration to Sir Walter Scott, who visited his paternal grandfather here when still a boy. Scott spent considerable time at the tower during his youth, reportedly for the benefit of his health. Smailholm provides the setting for Scott's ballad "The Eve of St John", and also appears in "Marmion". As a result of Scott's poetry his uncle restored the tower, making it safe, around 1800. Turner visited Smailholm with Scott in the author's later years; his sketch of the tower was included in Scott's "Poetical Works". Turner's journey with Scott traced scenes from Marmion, and not long after this the pioneer of photography Fox Talbot repeated Turner's itinerary, publishing what is considered to be the first photographic travelogue or tourist coffee-table book, "Sun Pictures in Scotland" in homage to both Scott and Turner.

Notes

References

*Coventry, Martin "The Castles of Scotland (3rd Edition)", Goblinshead, 2001
*Lindsay, Maurice "The Castles of Scotland", Constable & Co. 1986
*Salter, Mike "The Castles of Lothian and the Borders", Folly Publications, 1994
*Tabraham, Chris "Scotland's Castles", BT Batsford/Historic Scotland, 1997

*Historic Scotland Listed Building Report [http://hsewsf.sedsh.gov.uk/hslive/portal.hsstart?P_HBNUM=13885]
*National Monuments Record of Scotland Site Reference NT63SW 2 [http://lmid1.rcahms.gov.uk/pls/portal/newcanmore.details_gis?inumlink=57231]

External links

*historic-scotland-link|246
* [http://www.smailholm.org.uk The Clan Pringle Website - www.smailholm.com & www.clanpringle.org.uk]