Charles, Duke of Guise

Charles, Duke of Guise
Portrait of Charles, Duke of Guise, by Justus Sustermans
The naval battle in front of Ile de Ré in 1622, in which the fleet of La Rochelle was defeated against Charles, Duke of Guise.

Charles de Lorraine, 4th Duke of Guise (August 2, 1571 – September 30, 1640) was the son of Henry I, Duke of Guise and Catherine of Cleves.

Biography

He was born in Joinville, (Haute-Marne department), in the Champagne-Ardenne region of northeastern France. Originally styled the Chevalier de Guise, he succeeded as Duke of Chevreuse upon the death of his great-uncle Charles of Guise, Cardinal of Lorraine, a title he later resigned to his brother Claude.

After his father's assassination in 1588, he succeeded him as Duke of Guise, but was kept in prison in Tours for three years, escaping in 1591. While the Catholic League had great hopes for him, and considered placing him on the throne, he declared his support for Henry IV of France in 1594, for which Henry paid him four million livres and made him Governor of Provence. In 1595, he captured Marseille from the Duc d'Épernon, who held it for the League.

He was later created Grand Master of France and Admiral of the Levant.

Falling into disfavor with Cardinal Richelieu for siding with Marie de' Medici, he withdrew to Italy in 1631. His wife and younger children joined him in Florence, where the family was protected by the House of Medici. His sons François and Charles Louis died in Italy during these years of exile. Duke Charles himself died, at Cuneo, in 1640. His widow and children (among them Marie, "Mademoiselle de Guise" were permitted to return to France in 1643.

Family

On January 6, 1611, he married Henriette Catherine of Joyeuse (January 8, 1585 – February 25, 1656), and they had seven children:

  • François (April 3, 1612 – December 7, 1639), Prince of Joinville, who died in Florence during the family's exile and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo and later reinterred at Joinville. He was deemed "the most accomplished prince of his day."
  • Henry II, Duke of Guise (1614–1664), also Archbishop of Reims
  • Marie, Duchess of Guise (1615–1688)
  • Charles Louis (July 15, 1618 – March 15, 1637, who also died in Florence) and was buried at San Lorenzo and later at Joinville, styled Duke of Joyeuse
  • Françoise Renée (January 10, 1621 – December 4, 1682, Montmartre), Abbess of Montmartre
  • Louis, Duke of Joyeuse (1622–1664), also Duke of Angoulême
  • Roger (March 21, 1624 – died September 9, 1653) called the Chevalier de Joinville and later the Chevalier de Guise, Knight of the Order of Malta, died of fever at Cambrai and buried near his ancestors at Joinville.

Ancestry

Preceded by
Charles I
Duke of Chevreuse
1574–1606
Succeeded by
Claude
Preceded by
Henry I
Duke of Guise
Prince of Joinville
Count of Eu

1588–1640
Succeeded by
Henry II
Preceded by
Henriette Catherine
Duke of Joyeuse
with Henriette Catherine

1611–1640
Succeeded by
Louis



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