Okayama Castle

Okayama Castle 岡山城
Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan
Donjon Tower
Type	Azuchi-Momoyama castle
Built	1346-1369 (Nawa clan) rebuilt 1590-1597 (Ukita Hideie) replica donjon completed 1966
Construction materials	Wood, stone, plaster, tile.
In use	1346-1869
Demolished	Moats:Ministry of War (1873-82), Main tower:US air raid (Jun 29, 1945)
Current condition	Concrete replica (1966)
Controlled by	Nawa clan (1346-unknown) Kanamitu clan (1521-1528) Ukita clan (1570-1600) Kobayakawa clan (1600-1602) Ikeda clan (1602-1869) Japan (1869-present)
Battles/wars	Contributed to Sekigahara (total loss)
An aerial view of Okayama Castle

Okayama Castle (岡山城, Okayama-jō^?) is a Japanese castle in the city of Okayama in Okayama Prefecture in Japan. The main tower was completed in 1597, destroyed in 1945 and replicated in concrete in 1966. Two of the watch towers survived the bombing of 1945 and are now listed by the national Agency for Cultural Affairs as Important Cultural Properties .

In stark contrast to the white "Egret Castle" of neighboring Himeji, Okayama Castle has a black exterior, earning it the nickname Crow Castle (烏城, U-jo^?). (The black castle of Matsumoto in Nagano is also known as "Crow Castle", but it is karasu-jo in Japanese.)

Today, only a few parts of Okayama Castle's roof (including the fish-shaped-gargoyles) are gilded in gold, but prior to the Battle of Sekigahara the main keep also featured gilded roof tiles, earning it the nickname Golden Crow Castle (金烏城, Kin U-jo^?).

Construction of Okayama Castle was started in 1573 by Ukita Naoie and completed by his son Hideie in 1597. Three years later, Hideie sided with the ill-fated Toyotomi Clan at the Battle of Sekigahara, was captured by the Tokugawa Clan and exiled to the island prison of Hachijo. The castle and surrounding fiefdoms were given to Kobayakawa Hideaki as spoils of war. Kobayakawa died just two years later without leaving an heir, and the castle (and fiefdom) was given to the Ikeda Clan, who later added Kōraku-en as a private garden.

In 1869 the castle became the property of the Meiji government's Hyōbu-shō (Ministry of War), who saw the 'samurai' era castles as archaic and unnecessary. Like many other castles throughout Japan, the outer moats were filled in and the old castle walls gradually disappeared underneath the city. On June 29, 1945, allied bombers burnt the castle to the ground. Reconstruction work began in 1964 and was completed in 1966. In 1996 the rooftop gargoyles were gilded as part of the 400th anniversary celebrations.

The reconstructed castle is a concrete building complete with air-conditioning, elevators and numerous displays documenting the castle's history (with a heavy focus on the Ikeda era.) Little information is available in English. Access to the inner sanctuary is free.

Gallery

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  Okayama Castle Donjon Tower(Before burnt out)

• 

  View from Kōraku-en Garden in 1907

Literature

• Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co.. ISBN 0-8084-1102-4. 
• Motoo, Hinago (1986). Japanese Castles. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-87011-766-1. 

External links

Media related to Okayama Castle at Wikimedia Commons

• Okayama Castle official homepage (in Japanese)
• Okayama City official homepage

Coordinates: 34°39′55″N 133°56′10″E / 34.665181°N 133.936053°E / 34.665181; 133.936053