Fermo

Infobox CityIT
img_coa = Fermo-Stemma.png official_name = Comune di Fermo
region = Marche
province = Ascoli Piceno (AP)
elevation_m = 319
area_total_km2 = 124
population_as_of =
population_total = 35418
population_density_km2 = 286
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|43|09|39|N|13|42|57|E
frazioni = see list
telephone = 0734
postalcode = 63023
gentilic = Fermani
saint =
day =
mayor = Saturnino Di Ruscio (since May 2006)
website = [http://www.fermo.net www.fermo.net]
mapx= 43.13
mapy=13.63

|thumb|image_caption=A view of the ancient city of Fermo.
name=Fermo

Fermo (ancient: Firmum Picenum) is a town and "comune" of the Marche, Italy, previously in the province of Ascoli Piceno, and since 2004 in its own province.Fermo is located on a hill with a fine view, on a branch from Porto San Giorgio on the Adriatic coast railway.

History

The great antiquity of the city is attested by the remains of its cyclopean walls. The ancient Firmum Picenum was founded as a Latin colony, consisting of 6000 men, in 264 BC, after the conquest of the Picentes, as the local headquarters of the Roman power, to which it remained faithful. It was originally governed by five quaestors. It was made a colony with full rights after the battle of Philippi, the "legio IV" being settled there. It lay at the junction of roads to Pausulae, Urbs Salvia and Asculum, being connected with the coast road by a short branch road from Castellum Firmanum (Porto S. Giorgio). With the Pentapolis it passed in the eighth century under the authority of the Holy See and underwent thenceforth the vicissitudes of the March of Ancona. In the 10th century it became the capital of the Marchia Firmana. Under the predecessors of Honorius III (1216-27) the bishops of city became prince-bishops, first with the secular rights of counts -, and later as princes of Fermo.

In 1199 it became a free city, and remained independent until 1550, when it was annexed to the Papal States. In the contest between the Hohenstaufen and the papacy, Fermo was several times besieged and captured; in 1176 by Archbishop Christian of Mainz, in 1192 by Emperor Henry Vl, in 1208 by Marcuald, Duke of Ravenna, in 1241 by Emperor Frederick II, in 1245 by Manfred. After this it was governed by different lords, who ruled as more or less legitimate vassals of the Holy See, e.g. the Monteverdi, Giovanni Visconti and Francesco Storza (banished 1446), Oliverotto Effreducci (murdered in 1503 by Cesare Borgia), who was succeeded by his son Ludovico, killed at the battle of Monto Giorgio in 1520, when Fermo became again directly subjected to the Holy See.

Fermo is now the capital city of the new province of Fermo, that will be effective in 2009.

Main sights

Fermo's attractions include:
*The Cathedral, reconstructed in 1227 by Giorgio da Como, has fine Mediaeval facade and campanile, as well as the side portal. The rose-window over the main door dates from 1348. In the porch are several good tombs, including one of 1366 by Tura da Imola, and also the modern monument of Giuseppe Colucci, a famous writer on the antiquities of Picenum. The interior has been modernized. The building is now surrounded by a garden, with a splendid view.
*The Roman theatre; scanty traces of an amphitheatre also exist. Remains of the city wall, of rectangular blocks of hard limestone, may be seen just outside the Porta S. Francesco; whether the walling under the Casa Porti belongs to them is doubtful. The medieval battlemented walls superposed on it are picturesque.
*The church of "San Francesco" has a good tower and choir in brickwork of 1240, the rest having been restored in the 17th century.
*Under the Dominican order monastery is a very large Roman reservoir in two storeys, belonging to the imperial period, divided into many chambers, at least 24 on each level, each 9 by 6 m., for filtration.
*The "Palazzo Comunale", restored in 1446, with a statue of Pope Sixtus V in front of it. The Biblioteca Comunale contains a collection of inscriptions and antiquities.

The near municipality of Porto S. Giorgio has a fine castle of 1269, blocking the valley that leads to Fermo.

"Frazioni"

Camera, Cantagallo, Capodarco, Cartiera di Tenna, Campiglione, Ete Palazzina, Faleriense, Gabbiano, Girola, Lido di Fermo, Madonnetta d'Ete, Marina Palmense, Moie, Molini Tenna, Montesecco, Parete, Pompeiana, Ponte Ete Vivo, Sacri Cuori, Salette, Salvano, San Biagio, San Lorenzo, San Marco, San Michele, San Tommaso, Santa Caterina, Torre di Palme, Villa San Claudio

Miscellanea

*Fermo is the birth place of the celebrated poet Annibale Caro.

ee also

*John of Fermo
*Archdiociese of Fermo

ources and references

*1911
*Catholic [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06043c.htm]