Ann Austin

Ann Austin was one of the first women persecuted for her religious beliefs in the American colonies.

Austin was a resident of London, the mother of five children, who left with Mary Fisher to bring the message of the "inner light" to the New World. These two members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) left England, where Fisher had suffered beatings because of her beliefs, and sailed to Barbados. After apparently finding success in Barbados, the two missionary women set sail in July 1656 aboard the "Swallow". They landed in Boston and immediately became targets of the civil government. Deputy-governor Richard Bellingham, in charge during the absence of Governor William Endicott, ordered the women confined to the ship. Their books and belongings were taken and searched. News of the heretical views of the Quakers had preceded these women across the Atlantic. Ann and Mary had brought approximately 100 books or writings with them, and these were burnt, and the pair cast into prison. Fines were levied against anyone speaking to them, and the women were stripped and searched for any evidence of witchcraft, and their prison window was boarded up so that no one could see them.

One man, Nicholas Upsall, came to their rescue, and paid the fine either to be permitted to speak with them and/or provide them with food. The women were kept confined in this manner for five weeks, then shipped back to Barbados. Governor Endicott is reported to have stated that he would have had the women beaten. Fear of the Quaker "heresy" was indeed great; Ann Austin and Mary Fisher were persecuted before there were any laws enacted against the Friends in America.

Immediately after this episode, such laws began to be put on the books. The Boston council declared: "there are several laws long since made and published in this jurisdiction bearing testimony against heretics and erroneous persons," and that Ann Austin and Mary Fisher, "upon examination are found not only to be transgressors of the former laws, but to hold very dangerous, heretical, and blasphemous opinions; and they do also acknowledge that they came here purposely to propagate their said errors and heresies, bringing with them and spreading here sundry books, wherein are contained most corrupt, heretical, and blasphemous doctrines contrary to the truth of the gospel here professed amongst us."(Colonial Gazette) Severe penalties, including the death penalty, were imposed against later Quaker "heretics".

References

*Rufus M. Jones, Isaac Sharpless, and Amelia M. Gummere, "The Quakers in the American Colonies" (London: Macmillan, 1911) 31-33.
*"The Quakers: Hostile Bonnets and Gowns,” "The Colonial Gazette", mayflowerfamilies.com, 13 October 2005. [http://www.mayflowerfamilies.com/enquirer/quakers.htm#More%20Quakers%20Arrive]