- DEXRON
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Dexron is the trade name for a group of technical specifications of automatic transmission fluid created by General Motors (GM). The name is a registered trademark of GM, which licenses the name and specifications to external companies which manufacture the fluid and sell it under their own brands. GM has upgraded the Dexron specifications over the years; newer fluids are generally but not always backward compatible with previous Dexron fluids. The current fluid is Dexron-VI, introduced in 2005.
Originally the Dexron name was associated exclusively with automatic transmission fluids, but more recently[when?] GM has released Dexron-branded gear oils.
Contents
Automatic transmission fluids
The original Dexron transmission fluid was introduced in 1968 as an improvement over the previous "Type-A, Suffix-A" fluid. Over the years, the original Dexron was supplanted by Dexron-II, Dexron-IIE, Dexron-III, and Dexron-VI, which is the current fluid. Because there are still applications for which Dexron-VI is either not suitable or not necessary, there remains a market for fluids meeting older Dexron specifications.
Dexron
The original Dexron fluid, like its predecessor Type-A/Suffix-A, used sperm whale oil as a friction modifier. The U.S. Endangered Species Act banned the import of sperm whale oil, so Dexron fluid had to be reformulated.[1]
Dexron-II
Dexron-II was introduced in 1972 with alternative friction modifiers such as Jojoba oil. However, it made problems with corrosion-prone solder in GM's transmission fluid coolers and so had to be reformulated.[2]
Dexron-IID
Corrosion inhibitors were added to Dexron-II to address the solder corrosion issue. The resultant fluid, released in 1975, was called Dexron-IID. However, the corrosion inhibitor made the new fluid hygroscopic to a problematic degree, and so had to be reformulated.[2]
Dexron-IIE
Dexron-IIE was introduced in an effort to address the hygroscopicity problems with the previous IID fluid.[vague]
Dexron-III
In 1993, GM released new Dexron-III fluid. It is generally backward-compatible with transmissions originally filled with earlier Dexron fluids or with Type-A/Suffix-A fluid. The lower viscosity of Dexron-III, compared to previous fluids, improves fuel economy by reducing parasitic loss within the transmission.[2]
Dexron-VI
Dexron-VI was introduced in 2005. All Dexron-III licenses expired permanently at the end of 2006, and GM now supports only Dexron-VI fluids for use in their automatic transmissions.[3] Fluids asserted by their manufacturers to meet Dexron-III standards continue to be sold under abbreviated names such as Dex/Merc and D/M, but since the Dexron-III licensing system no longer exists, these fluids are not regulated by GM.[citation needed] The use of previous fluids can damage transmissions meant to use Dexron-VI.[3]
References
- ^ Biochemicals for the Automotive Industry
- ^ a b c Michell, Richard. Which Oil?: Choosing the Right Oil and Grease for Your Antique, Vintage, Veteran, Classic or Collector Car. http://books.google.com/books?id=CgbOuFZx3vwC&lpg=PA73&ots=7y1H42y9tx&pg=PA73&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
- ^ a b General Motors Dexron-VI Global Service Fill Specification
External links
Categories:- GM engines
- General Motors transmissions
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