Funnies Inc.

Funnies, Inc. is an influential American comic book packager of the 1930s-1940s Golden Age of comic books. Founded by Lloyd Jacquet, it supplied the contents of some of the most significant early comics, including that of "Marvel Comics" #1 (Oct. 1939), the first publication of what would become the multimedia corporation Marvel Comics. The Funnies, Inc. office was located at 45 West 45th Street in New York City, [Weist, Jerry. "100 Greatest Comic Books" (Whitman Publishing, Atlanta, Georgia, 200), p. 61. ISBN 0-7948-1758-0] near Times Square.

Company history

Founding

American comic books originated as oversized magazines that reprinted newspaper comic strips in color. These strips, coming from "the funny pages", were colloquially called "the funnies". Gradually, new material began to be created for the emerging medium of comic books. In the late 1930s, with the huge sales success of Superman, the first superhero, magazine publishers jumped on the trend.One of the many comics companies founded during this time, Centaur Publications, found relative success with "Amazing-Man Comics", an anthology featuring such superheroes as the titular Amazing Man (created by company art director Lloyd Jacquet and writer-artist Bill Everett), the Iron Skull, Mighty Man, Minimidget, and Skyrocket Steele.

After the first issue, Jacquet broke off to form Funnies, Inc., a "packager" that would create comics on demand for publishers (while retaining the rights to characters created). Everett recalled in the late 1960s that,

Compton was a Centaur writer and Torpey its sales director, and Mahon a publisher for one of Centaur's early iterations. Other Centaur staffers who followed Jacquet, on at least a freelance basis, included artists Carl Burgos, Paul Gustavson, and Ben Thompson; writer Ray Gill; and business manager Jim Fitzsimmons. Others who worked for Funnies, Inc. included future novelist Mickey Spillane; Leonard Starr, future creator of the comic strip "On Stage"; and artist Bob Davis, who for Funnies, Inc. created the boy hero Dick Cole in Novelty Press' "Blue Bolt Comics". [ [http://www.lambiek.net/davis_bob.htm Lambiek Comiclopedia: Robert "Bob" Davis] ] Business arrangements, Everett said in a separate interview, were loose: "I don't know how to explain it, but I was still on a freelance basis. That was the agreement we had. The artists, including myself, at Funnies, worked on a freelance basis". [Bill Everett interview, originally published in "Alter Ego" #11, 1978; reprinted in "Alter Ego" vol. 3, #46 (March 2005); p. 9 of the latter.]

Two other notable comics packagers were formed around this time: Eisner & Iger, founded by Will Eisner and Jerry Iger, and the quirkily named Harry "A" Chesler's studio.

Initially called First Funnies, Inc., the company's initial project was "Motion Picture Funnies Weekly", a promotional comic planned for giveaway in movie theaters. [http://www.comics.org/details.lasso?id=86 Grand Comic-Book Database: "Motion Picture Funnies Weekly"] ] The idea proved unsuccessful, and seven of the only eight known samples created to send to theater owners were discovered in an estate sale in 1974. Additionally, proof sheets were found there for the covers of issues #2-4. [ [http://www.heritagegalleries.com/common/info/press/default.php?ReleaseID=935 Heritage Galleries & Auctioneers: "Heritage to Auction Legendary 'Pay Copy' of "Motion Picture Funnies Weekly" #1!"] (press release, Sept. 16, 2005)]

The first Marvel comic

Funnies, Inc.'s first actual sale was to pulp magazine publisher Martin Goodman. As Everett recalled, Funnies, Inc., sales manager Frank Torpey "had a friend, Martin Goodman, who was in the publishing business, and Frank talked Martin into going into publishing comics...." ["Alter Ego" (2005), p.8] For what would be called "Marvel Comics" #1 (Oct. 1939), Funnies, Inc. created a set of features that included two nascent star characters: Burgos' original Human Torch and Everett's Sub-Mariner, expanding an origin story Everett had created for the never-released "Motion Picture Funnies Weekly" #1. Among the other characters introduced was Gustavson's The Angel, a modest hit who would appear in more than 100 Golden Age stories. Goodman, whose business strategy involved having a multitude of corporate entities, eventually used Timely Comics as the umbrella name for his comic-book division.

Other early companies that bought material from Funnies, Inc. include Centaur, Fox Feature Syndicate, and Hillman Periodicals. For the Novelty Press division of the Premium Service Company, writer-artist Joe Simon created Blue Bolt and Basil Wolverton devised Spacehawk.

Simon said that his Funnies, Inc. rate for a completed comic-book page — written, drawn and lettered — was $7. For comparison, he recalled that at Eisner-Iger — where Eisner wrote the features and created characters, hiring novice artists — the page rate was approximately $3.50 to $5.50; publishers were charged $5 to $7 per finished page.Simon, Joe, with Jim Simon. "The Comic Book Makers" ISBN 1-887591-35-4]

Funnies, Inc. was eventually made obsolete by the growing medium's success, allowing publishers to hire their own staffs. As Simon recalled, he stopped freelancing for the company when he became Timely Comics' editor: "Soon, we were buying only 'The Human Torch' and 'Sub-Mariner' from Jacquet and irritating the hell out of him with demands for script and art changes in the hopes that he would resign the features he had helped to build".

Toward the end of 1940, Jacquet sold Goodman the rights to the characters. Business relations evidently remained cordial; in an Aug. 14, 1942, photo given to attendees and widely published by the comics press in the 2000s, Jacquet was seated next to Goodman at a Hotel Astor luncheon Goodman hosted for the Timely and Funnies staffs, followed by a showing of the new Disney movie "Bambi". Others at the table included Torpey, Gill, Timely editor Stan Lee, and such artists/writers as Vince Alascia, Ernie Hart, Jack Keller, George Klein, Jim Mooney, Don Rico, Mike Sekowsky, and Syd Shores.

Demise

After Funnies, Inc. ended, Lloyd Jacquet Studios continued to package comics through at least 1949. [ [http://www.comicbookresources.com/columns/oddball/index.cgi?date=2004-07-02 "Comic Book Resources: Oddball Comics — "Your United States"] ]

Footnotes

References

* [http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/7160/Timely2.htm Jess Nevins' The Timely Comics Story]
* [http://www.lib.utulsa.edu/speccoll/collections/comics/index.htm University of Tulsa McFarlin Library's inventory of Comic Books on Microfiche housed in their special collections department.] Note: The listing for "Amazing Man Comics" #5 (Sept. 1939) says the comic continues the numbering of the unreleased "Motion Picture Funnies Weekly".
* [http://members.aol.com/comicbknet/realty11.txt Comics Reality #11 (online newsletter)]
* [http://www.supermanartists.comics.org/dchistory/DCHISTORY-1.htm DC Timeline]
* "All in Color for a Dime" by Dick Lupoff & Don Thompson ISBN 0-87341-498-5
* "Ron Goulart's Great History of Comic Books" by Ron Goulart ISBN 0-8092-5045-4
* "Alter Ego" #22 (March 2003)
* "Alter Ego" #36 (May 2004): "The Creator of Captain America Meets the Creator of the Human Torch", by Joe Simon, p. 3-6

External links

* [http://jimhillmedia.com/blogs/monique_pryor/archive/2003/11/25/1582.aspx "A Tribute to Bill Everett, the Sub-Mariner's Father" by Monique Pryor]
* [http://www.chivian.com/chivian/sub/SubbyHistory.html The Deep Six Project: A Biography of Namor McKenzie, The Sub-Mariner]
* [http://www.comicartville.com/bellmanpg2.htm "A Timely Talk with Allen Bellman"]
* [http://www.simoncomics.com/jsbio.htm Joe Simon]