Leicester Castle

Leicester Castle is located in Leicester, England. The complex is situated in the west of the city centre, between Saint Nicholas Circle to the north and De Montfort University to the south.

The Castle complex contains:
*Castle Gardens, a set of gardens along the bank of the canal
*The church of St Mary de Castro, the oldest part of which dates to the 12th century, and still in use as a Church of England parish church
*The Great Hall, built in about 1150 by Robert de Bossu, 2nd Earl of Leicester. It was extensively rebuilt and the roof structure replaced in about 1523. The brick frontage dates from 1625. It was used as a law court from the earliest times until 1992.
*'John of Gaunt's Cellar' (erroneously called a dungeon)
*The remains of the castle itself
*Castle Yard, the open area between the Great Hall and St Mary de Castro, which was used for public executions. A nearby plaque records that John Wesley addressed "a great crowd" here in 1770.

According to Leicester Museums, the castle was probably built around 1070 (soon after the Norman Conquest in 1066. [http://www.leicestermuseums.ac.uk/museums/castle.html] The remains now consist of a mound, along with ruins. Originally the mound was 40 ft (12.2 m) high. Kings sometimes stayed at the castle (Edward I in 1300, and Edward II in 1310 and 1311), and John of Gaunt and his second wife Constance of Castile both died here in 1399 and 1394 respectively.

Eventually, however, it was used mainly as a courthouse (sessions being held in the Great Hall), rather than a residence. [Simmons]

Apart from being used for Assize Courts (JM Barrie visited regularly and spent many hours inside as reporter for a newspaper when the hall was used as a court house), the Great Hall was also used for sessions of the Parliament of England most notably the Parliament of Bats in 1426, when the conditions in London were not suitable and its connections with the Plantagenet family.

The Castle, the Turret Gateway, the Great Hall and 'John of Gaunt's Cellar' (erroneously called a dungeon) are all Scheduled Ancient Monuments [http://www.leicester.gov.uk/index.asp?pgid=1168] , and are variously listed buildings also. St Mary de Castro is a Grade I listed building.

A section of the castle wall, adjacent to the Turret Gateway, has gun loops (holes) that were poked through the medieval wall to use as firing ports by the city's residents when parliamentarian Leicester was besieged, captured, and ransacked, by the royalist army in the 1640's during the English civil war. The third storey of the Turret Gateway was destroyed in an election riot in 1832 [http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council--services/ep/planning/designandconservation/scheduledmonuments/scheduledmonumentslist/leicestercastleandmagazine/turret-gateway] .

References

*Jack Simmons, Leicester: Past and Present, Vol 1. Ancient Borough
*Leicester City Council, [http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council--services/ep/planning/designandconservation/scheduledmonuments/scheduledmonumentslist/leicestercastleandmagazine/leicestercastlehistory a history of Leicester Castle]

Pictures

*http://www.bbc.co.uk/leicester/in_pictures/360_panoramas/castle_park/