Psychoticism

Psychoticism is one of the three traits used by the psychologist Hans Eysenck in his P-E-N model (psychoticism, extraversion and neuroticism) model of personality.

High levels of this trait were believed by Eysenck to be linked to increased vulnerability to psychoses such as schizophrenia. He also believed that blood relatives of psychotics would show high levels of this trait, suggesting a genetic basis to the trait.

Critics of the trait have suggested that the trait is too heterogeneous to be taken as a single trait. For example, In a correlation study by Donald Johnson (reported in 1994 at the APT International Conference) Psychoticism was found to correlate with Big Five traits Conscientiousness and Agreeableness; (which in turn correlated strongly with, respectively, MBTI Judging/Perceiving, and Thinking/Feeling).Fact|date=October 2007 Thus, Costa and McCrae believe that agreeableness and conscientiousness (both which represent low levels of psychoticism) need to be distinguished in personality models. Eysenck also argued that there might be a correlation between psychoticism and creativityEysenck, Hans J. (1993). Creativity and Personality: Suggestions for a Theory. "Psychological Inquiry". 4(3), 147-178.] .

Biological bases of psychoticism

Psychoticism is believed to be associated with levels of dopamine (Lester, 1989).Other biological correlates of psychoticism include low conditionability and low levels of monoamine oxidase; beta-hydroxylase, cortisol, norepinephrine in cerebrospinal fluid also appear relevant to psychoticism level.

Eysenck's theoretical basis for the model was the theory of "Einheitspsychosen" of the nineteenth-century German psychiatrist Heinrich Neumann.

References

*Lester, D.(1989)Neurotransmitter bases for Eysenck's theory of personality. Psychological Reports, 64, (1) 189-190

More Information

*Eysenck, H.J. & Eysenck, S.B.G. (1976). "Psychoticism as a Dimension of Personality." London: Hodder and Stoughton
*Costa, Paul T. & McCrae, Robert R. (1995). "Primary traits of Eysenck's P-E-N system: Three- and five-factor solutions." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 69(2), Aug 1995, 308-317.

ee also

*Extraversion
*Neuroticism
*Schizotypy