Katabasis

Katabasis [In some academic fields like modern psychology also spelt catabasis] (from Greek κατα, "down" βαινω "go") means in general a "descent", a journey downwards which can mean moving downhill, a sinking of winds, a military retreat, or a trip to the underworld. It may also mean a trip from the interior of a country down to the coast, and has related meanings in poetry, rhetoric, and modern psychology.

A trip to the coast

The term "katabasis" can refer to a trip from the interior of a country down to the coast (for example, following a river), while the term "anabasis" refers to an expedition from a coastline up into the interior of a country.

This is the main meaning given for "katabasis" by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) which is describe as "A going down; a military retreat, in allusion to that of the ten thousand Greeks under Xenophon, related by him in his Anabasis." and quote:

Arts

In poetry and rhetoric, the term "katabasis" refers to a "gradual descending" of emphasis on a theme within a sentence or paragraph, while "anabasis" refers to a gradual ascending in emphasis.

Modern psychology

In modern psychology, the term "katabasis" is also sometimes used to describe the depression some young men experience. [ [http://web.org.uk/picasso/jung_article.html Jung's 1932 Article on Picasso] ] Author Robert Bly proposes in his book "' several reasons for the "catabasis phenomenon", amongst them the lack of Western initiation rites and the lack of strong father figures and role models.

Trip into the underworld

"Katabasis" is the epic convention of the hero's trip into the underworld.Pilar González Serrano, [http://www.ucm.es/info/seic/online/catabasis.htm "Catábasis y resurrección"] . "Espacio, Tiempo y Forma, Serie II: Historia Antigua." Volume 12, pp. 129–179. Madrid, 1999.] In Greek mythology, for example, Orpheus enters the underworld in order to bring Eurydice back to the world of the living.

Most "katabases" take place in a supernatural underworld, such as Hades or Hell — as in Nekyia, the 11th book of the Odyssey, which describes the descent of Odysseus to the underworld. However, katabasis can also referto a journey through other dystopic areas, such as what Odysseus encounters on his 20-year journey back from Troy to Ithaca. Pilar Serrano allows the term "katabasis" to encompass brief or chronic stays in the underworld, including those of Lazarus and Castor and Pollux.

Wind

Air cooled by a glacier flows down the glacier. The wind generated by this air movement is known as a "katabatic wind". In Antarctica katabatic winds perpetually flow off the Antarctic plateau and are channelled through mountain passes and down steep glaciers to the oceans. They blow at storm force year-round. [ [http://shl.stanford.edu:3455/southpole/577 Climate: The South Pole] [http://shl.stanford.edu:3455/admin/directory.html Stanford Humanities Lab] , Retrieved 2008-10-01]

Notes and references

Further reading

*Rachel Falconer, "Hell in Contemporary Literature: Western Descent Narratives since 1945", EUP, 2005. On modern examples of katabases, or descents to Hell.