Sogyal Rinpoche

Sogyal Rinpoche (bo-tw|t=བསོད་རྒྱལ་|w=Bsod-rgyal) is a Tibetan Dzogchen Lama of the Nyingma tradition. He has been teaching for over 30 years and continues to travel widely in Europe, America, Australia and Asia. [ [http://www.rigpa.org/Sogyal_Rinpoche.html Rigpa.org: Sogyal Rinpoche] ] He is also the founder and spiritual director of Rigpa—an international network of over 100 Buddhist centres and groups in 23 countries around the world—and the author of the best-selling book "The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying", which has been printed in 30 languages and 56 countries. [ [http://www.rigpa.org/Tibetan_Book_of_Living_and_Dying.html Rigpa.org: The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying] ] In addition, Rinpoche is a frequent speaker at major conferences in all areas of society, including medicine and healing, universities and educational institutions, interfaith dialogue, movements for peace and non-violence, the world of business and leadership, and the field of serving the dying and hospice care.

Biography

Early life

Born 1947 in the region of Kham by Mayum Tsering Wangmo [ [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Mayum_Tsering_Wangmo Rigpawiki: Mayum Tsering Wangmo] ] , in Eastern Tibet, Sogyal Rinpoche was recognized as the incarnation of Lerab Lingpa Tertön Sogyal, a teacher to the Thirteenth Dalai Lama, by Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö of the Rime movement. Jamyang Khyentse supervised his training and raised him as a son. When conditions deteriorated in Kham, Khyentse Rinpoche and his young disciple left for Central Tibet and Lhasa, where in 1955, for the first time, they met Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. They then continued to India on pilgrimage, and finally settled in Gangtok at the invitation of the Chögyal—the king—of Sikkim. Rinpoche attended Catholic School in Kalimpong, and then university in Delhi before coming to the West. [Bachelor, Stephen. "The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture". London: Aquarian Press/ Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994. p.79]

1970s

In 1971, he was granted a place to study comparative religion at Trinity College, Cambridge University, as a visiting scholar. [Bachelor, Stephen. "The Awakening of the West: The Encounter of Buddhism and Western Culture". London: Aquarian Press, Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1994. p.79] He continued to study with many masters, of all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, especially His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche and His Holiness Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.

In 1973, he assisted in organizing His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s first ever visit to the West, in Rome—including a visit with Pope Paul VI, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The following year he began to teach in London, creating his first Dharma centre, called Orgyen Chöling, in north-west London in 1975.

Rinpoche soon began teaching in Paris and often translated for His Holiness Dudjom Rinpoche, whom he also accompanied to the United States in 1976. In the summer of 1977, Rinpoche's London centre, known as Dzogchen Orgyen Chöling, found a home at Princess Road in Kilburn. Many great masters taught there: Dudjom Rinpoche, when he taught for a whole month in London in 1979, His Holiness Sakya Trizin, Gyalwang Karmapa, Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche and others.

In 1979, Sogyal Rinpoche chose the name Rigpa—the innermost, essential nature of mind—for his work. ['The History of Rigpa', "The Rigpa Journal", volume 2]

1980s

By 1980, Rinpoche was teaching in the United States, Holland and Ireland, as well as in France and the UK. Gradually, he opened centres in a number of major cities around the world. In many places, study and practice groups evolved and in each country Rigpa was established as a non-profit organization.

At Sogyal Rinpoche's and Rigpa’s request, His Holiness the Dalai Lama granted the empowerment of Padmasambhava and his Eight Manifestations from the pure visions of the ‘Great Fifth’ Dalai Lama at the Pagode de Vincennes in Paris in 1982. [His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 2004. "Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection. Snow Lion Publications.]

In 1983, Rinpoche participated in the ‘New Dimensions in Death and Dying’ conference in California. This brought Rinpoche in touch with the work of Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross and Professor Kenneth Ring in the fields of hospice care and near-death research. This inspired Rinpoche to explore further the role that the Tibetan teachings on death and helping the dying could play in transforming modern attitudes towards to death.

In 1987, Rinpoche was invited to become spiritual director of the centre in Co. Cork in the west of Ireland that was to become Dzogchen Beara, Rigpa’s long-term retreat facility. [ [http://www.dzogchenbeara.org/index.php?pid=2 DzogchenBeara.org: About Us] ] The first closed one-year retreats, following a traditional Tibetan schedule of practice and study, began there in 1994.

In 1989, Sogyal Rinpoche was asked to help organize His Holiness the Dalai Lama's visit to San Jose, California. Five and a half thousand people, from all traditions and from all over the United States and other countries, attended in what at that time was the largest gathering of practitioners and masters of Buddhadharma in America, and possibly in the West. To mark this occasion, Rinpoche wrote "Dzogchen and Padmasambhava". [His Holiness the Dalai Lama. 2004. "Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection." Snow Lion Publications.]

1990s

Every year, Rinpoche would return to India and Nepal in order to receive teachings from his masters and seek their advice and clarification. In time he began to teach the Tibetan community in exile in India and Sikkim, especially the young people. Rigpa was established in Delhi in 1990 and Rigpa House opened in 1995.

In August 1990, Sogyal Rinpoche and Rigpa hosted Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche on his final visit to the West, together with a large gathering of Tibetan Buddhist teachers at Prapoutel, a ski resort in the French Alps. The retreat was attended by 1500 people. Over ten days, he gave the most important empowerments and teachings for the complete practice of the Nyingma path and Dzogchen. [ [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Prapoutel_1990 Rigpa Wiki: Prapoutel 1990] ] In 1991, Sogyal Rinpoche founded the retreat centre of Lerab Ling near Montpellier in southern France. The first three-month retreat was held there in 1992. [ [http://www.lerabling.org/index.php?pid=2 LerabLing.org: About Lerab Ling] ]

In 1992,"The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying" was published.

In 1993, Christine Longaker established the Spiritual Care Program which is based on the teachings of Sogyal Rinpoche and demonstrates practical ways in which the compassion and wisdom of the Buddhist teachings can be of benefit to those facing illness or death and also to their families and medical caregivers. [Longaker, Christine. 1998. "Facing Death and Finding Hope: A Guide To The Emotional and Spiritual Care Of The Dying. Main Street Books."] [ [http://www.rigpa.org/Spiritual_care.html Rigpa.org:Spiritual Care] ]

Sogyal Rinpoche appeared in the 1993 film "Little Buddha" by Bernardo Bertolucci in the role of Kenpo Tenzin. [imdb name|0727749]

In 1999, at Sogyal Rinpoche's request, Kyabjé Trulshik Rinpoche, the heart son of Dudjom Rinpoche and Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, gave a series of empowerments at Lerab Ling, and taught in San Francisco, New York and London. He also founded the basis for a monastic sangha within Rigpa by ordaining the first nuns. At the same time, Rigpa Australia acquired land for a new retreat centre at Bluey’s Beach, on the east coast near Sydney. With some three thousand people already following courses worldwide, 1999 also marked the beginning of a complete, long-term review of the programme for study and practice within Rigpa. Rinpoche has said that his vision is to set in place an authentic, accessible Buddhist study foundation for modern people, based on classical Buddhist teachings and the advice of teachers of all schools, both the senior masters as well as some of the brilliant younger teachers so attuned to modern times.

After 2000

In 2000, Sogyal Rinpoche hosted His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Lerab Ling, Rigpa's main retreat centre in France. His Holiness taught on "The Path to Enlightenment" and the event was attended by up to 10,000 students of Tibetan Buddhism from around the world. [ [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Lerab_Gar_2000 Rigpa Wiki:Lerab Gar 2000] ] The teachings given by His Holiness the Dalai Lama have been published in a book entitled "Mind in Comfort and Ease: The Vision of Enlightenment in the Great Perfection". [ [http://wisdompubs.org/Pages/display.lasso?-KeyValue=32980&-Token.Action=&
] ] .

In 2001, Sogyal Rinpoche began the Rigpa Shedra, or study college. [ [http://www.rigpashedra.org RigpaShedra.org: Welcome to the Rigpa Shedra] ] During October 2001, together with Father Laurence Freeman OSB of the World Community for Christian Meditation, Rinpoche also led an interfaith conference at Dublin Castle in Ireland entitled "Finding Compassion in our Changing World". Three hundred people from Christian, Buddhist and other faiths attended the event. [Roetting, Martin. [http://www.buddhist-christian-studies.org/dec01.txt 'Interfaith Seminar at Dublin Castle 6th-7th Oct 2001.'] NetworkInfo-Magazine of European Network of Buddhist Christian Studies.] [ [http://www.wccm.org/images/PDF/Newsletters/NL302LetterSm.pdf The World Community for Christian Meditation.] Christian Meditation Newsletter. International Edition, Vol. 30, No. 2, July 2006]

In 2002, Rinpoche started the on-going Practical Wisdom leaders retreats and programme for top Australian CEO's and other leaders in the fields of the Arts and Education to enable them to explore the Buddhist teachings and integrate the principles of wisdom and compassion into their workplaces. [Davies, Julie-Anne. [http://bulletin.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=269839 'The Buddha Business.'] "The Bulletin", 1 June 2007.]

In 2003, 'The First Conference of Tibetan Buddhist Dharma Centers in the Americas' was held in upstate New York. Rinpoche led the first plenary session on The Experience and Challenge of Teaching and Studying Buddhism in the Americas. [ [http://www.tibetoffice.org/en/index.php?url_channel_id=84&url_publish_channel_id=1332&url_subchannel_id=86&well_id=2 The Office of Tibet] , New York City]

In 2004, Rinpoche served as a keynote speaker at 'The Parliament of the World's Religions', where over 8,000 religious leaders and lay people gathered in Barcelona in Spain to discuss the issues of religious violence, access to safe water, the fate of refugees worldwide, and the elimination of developing countries' debts. [ [http://www.cpwr.org/2004Parliament/dialogues.htm The Parliament of the World's Religions 2004] ]

In May 2005, Sogyal Rinpoche founded Rigpé Yeshé, at the first international family retreat and conference, 'Educating Children in the Dharma', to support families who wish to bring up their children in light of the teachings of the Buddha. [ [http://www.rigpeyeshe.org/background.htm RigpeYeshe.org: Background] ] "Rigpe Yeshe, sometimes mis-spelled Rigpa Yeshé, is an association of parents who are members of the Rigpa sangha, following the teachings of Buddha under the direction of Sogyal Rinpoche." One of the aims cited on the website reads like following: "Bring the authentic and appropriate dharma to children, teenagers and families of the Rigpa Sangha, accomplishing Sogyal Rinpoche’s vision of bringing up children in the wisdom of rigpa;" [http://www.rigpeyeshe.org/background.htm]

In 2006, a traditional three-storey temple at Lerab Ling was completed, including a seven-metre high statue of Buddha Shakyamuni, and Rinpoche started Rigpa's first three-year retreat with over 400 hundred people taking part, and over 3000 students following a 'home retreat' programme in their own countries. [ [http://www.rigpa.org/Courses.html Rigpa.org: Courses and Retreats] ]

In 2007, ground was broken for the Spiritual Care Centre at Dzogchen Beara, designed as a place where people facing illness or death can come for periods of rest in a welcoming and healing atmosphere. Sogyal Rinpoche is the Spiritual Director. Dr. Balfour Mount is a patron. [ [http://www.spiritualcare.ie/index.php?pid=162 The Spiritual Care Centre at Dzogchen Beara, Who are we?] ]

On 12 September 2007, the President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, visited Dzogchen Beara, along with Sogyal Rinpoche, to give an address in support of the Spiritual Care Centre that is in process there. [ [http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/ireland/2007/0913/1189076237990.html The Irish Times, 'President Visits Buddhist Hospice'] ]

Criticism

In 1994, a $10 million Finnigan, Mary. "Sexual healing," "The Guardian", 10th January 1995, p. 19] civil lawsuit was filed against Sogyal Rinpoche. It was alleged that over a period of many years, Rinpoche had used his position as a spiritual leader to induce some of his female students to have coitus with him. The complaint included counts of intentional infliction of emotional distress, breach of fiduciary duty, as well as assault and battery. In December 1995, the issue was settled out of court through mediation. [Simpkinson, Anne. [http://www.advocateweb.org/HOPE/soulbetrayal.asp "Soul Betrayal"] Common Boundary, Inc. November/December 1996.] Lattin, Don. [http://www.well.com/conf/media/SF_Free_Press/nov11/guru.html "Best-selling Buddhist author accused of sexual abuse."] The San Francisco Free Press, 10 November 1994.] Brown, Mick. "The Precious One", "Telegraph Magazine", 2 February 1995, pp.20-29.] In the wake of the ensuing publicity, women who had previously remained silent began to talk about their experiences with Rinpoche. As one student pointed out, in a report filed by Mick Brown:

Sogyal Rinpoche's need for a partner is not in question... Rather the issue concerns the inappropriateness of sexual relationships with his students. In the West it is not considered ethical to engage in sex within the confines of a pastoral or teacher-student relationship where there are clear power imbalances.

In 1995, young English woman attended one of Sogyal Rinpoche's residential retreats and was led to believe she had been singled out for special attention, only to discover that she was being invited to join a harem. "At first I was flattered, and very open and trusting. He encouraged me to fall in love with him - but I realised he was toying with me. I noticed several other young, pretty women going in and out of his apartment; when I confronted him with this, he dropped me and ignored me for the rest of the time I was there." Lamas of the Nyingma school are not required to take vows of celibacy, and Sogyal Rinpoche does not claim to be a celibate monk. The central role model of the Nyingma school, its founder Padmasambhava, had five tantric consorts who were also his students. Additionally all of them have been considered to be emanations of Vajravarahi [The Yoniverse. [http://www.yoniversum.nl/dakini/padma5.html The Five Consorts] ] . While there is a precept against sexual misconduct in Buddhism, with respect to a non-monastic lama this precept is rather limited in scope and would apply only if the female is not free but rather under the protection of her father, mother, husband, king or herself bound by a vow of celibacy. [Nagarjuna's "Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom": [http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Buddhism/FivePrecepts/sexDZDL.html The Precept Against Sexual Misconduct] (Dharmamitra Translation)]

Publications

Books

*Sogyal Rinpoche, "The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying", ISBN 0-06-250834-2
*Sogyal Rinpoche, "Dzogchen and Padmasambhava", Rigpa Publications, 1990, ISBN 0-96-248840-2
*Sogyal Rinpoche, "Glimpse After Glimpse", ISBN-10: 0712662375, ISBN 978-0712662376
*Sogyal Rinpoche, "The Future of Buddhism", Rider & Co, 2002, ISBN 0-71-261564-4

Articles and contributions

*"Himalaya: Personal Stories of Grandeur, Challenge and Hope", National Geographic Books, 2006
*Jonathon Cott, "On the Sea of Memory: A Journey from Forgetting to Remembering", Random House, 2005, ISBN 1-40-006058-3
*Reginald A. Ray (ed.), "The Pocket Tibetan Buddhist Reader", Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. 2004, ISBN 1-57-062851-3
*Kathryn Meeske (Author), Sandra Scales (Photographer), "Sacred Voices of the Nyingma Masters", Padma Publishing, California, 2004, ISBN 1-88-184735-7
*Charles A. Tart, "Living a Mindful Life, A Handbook for Living in the Present Moment", Shambhala Publications, Boston, Mass. 1994, ISBN 978-1570620034

Forewords and introductions

*"Biography of Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche" (forthcoming).
*His Holiness the Dalai Lama, "Mind in Comfort and Ease", Wisdom Publications, 2007, ISBN 0-86-171493-8
*Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche, "Blazing Splendor: The Memoirs of Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche", North Atlantic Books, 2005, ISBN 9-62-734156-8
*Don Farber, "Portraits of Tibetan Buddhist Masters", University of California Press 2005, ISBN 0-52-023973-3
*Nyoshul Khenpo Jamyang Dorje (translated by Richard Barron), "A Marvelous Garland of Rare Gems: Biographies of Masters of Awareness in the Dzogchen Lineage (A Spiritual History of the Teachings on Natural Great Perfection)", Padma Publications, 2005, ISBN 1-88-184741-1
*Tsoknyi Rinpoche, "Fearless Simplicity: The Dzogchen Way of Living Freely in a Complex World", Rangjung Yeshe Publications, Nepal, 2003, ISBN 9-62-734148-7
*His Holiness the Dalai Lama, "Dzogchen: The Heart Essence of the Great Perfection", Snow Lion Publications, 2000, ISBN 1-55-939219-3
*Khenpo Namdrol "The Practice of Vajrakilaya", Snow Lion Publications, 1999, ISBN 1-55-939103-0
*Christine Longaker, "Facing Death and Finding Hope: A Guide to the Emotional and Spiritual Care of the Dying", Arrow Books, 1998, ISBN 0-09-917692-0
*Mordicai Gerstein, "The Mountains of Tibet", Harper Trophy, 1989, ISBN 0-06-443211-4

References

External links

* [http://www.rigpa.org/Sogyal_Rinpoche.html The Official Biography of Sogyal Rinpoche]
* [http://www.lotsawahouse.org/sogyal.html Lotsawa House Biography of Sogyal Rinpoche]
* [http://www.rigpawiki.org/index.php?title=Sogyal_Rinpoche Sogyal Rinpoche - Rigpa Wiki]
* [http://www.buddhanet.net/masters/sogyal.htm Buddhist Masters and Their Organisations: Sogyal Rinpoche]