Thallium(I) sulfate

Thallium(I) sulfate

Chembox new
Name = Thallium(I) sulfate
ImageFile = T2s.jpg
ImageName = Thallium(I) sulfate
OtherNames = Thallous sulfate
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
CASNo = 7446-18-6
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = Tl2SO4
MolarMass = 504.83 g/mol
Solvent = other solvents
SolubleOther = Soluble
MeltingPt = 632 °C
BoilingPt =
Section7 = Chembox Hazards
EUClass = Highly toxic (T+)
Dangerous for
the environment (N)
RPhrases = R28, R38, R48/25,
R51/53
SPhrases = S1/2, S13, S36/37,
S45, S61

Thallium(I) sulfate (Tl2SO4), archaically known as thallous sulfate, is the sulfate salt of thallium. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, but highly toxic.

Uses

During the last two centuries, Tl2SO4 had been used for various medical treatments but was abandoned. In the later 1900s it found use mainly for rodenticides. These applications were prohibited in 1975 in the US due to the nonselective nature of its toxicity. Thallium(I) sulfate inhibits the growth of plants by preventing germination. Tl2SO4 is mostly used today as a source of Tl+ in the research laboratory. It is a precursor to thallium sulfide (Tl2S), which exhibits high electrical conductivity when exposed to infrared light.

tructure

Tl2SO4 adopts the same structure as K2SO4. In aqueous solution, the thallium(I) cations and the sulfate anions are separated and highly solvated. Thallium(I) sulfate crystals have a C2 symmetry.

Toxicity

Thallium(I) sulfate is soluble in water and its toxic effects are derived from the thallium(I) cation. Since thallium sulfate is a simple powder with indistinctive properties, it can easily be mistaken for more innocuous chemicals. It can enter the body by ingestion, inhalation, or through contact with the skin. The thallium(I) cation is very similar to potassium and sodium cations, which are essential for life. After the thallium ion enters the cell, many of the processes that transport potassium and sodium are disrupted. Due to its poisonous nature, many western countries have banned the use of thallium sulfate in products for home use and many companies have also stopped using this compound.

A dosage in excess of 500 mg is reported as fatal. Thallium sulfate, after entering the body, concentrates itself in the kidneys, liver, brain, and other tissues in the body.

Thallium sulfate was used in Israel to control the rodent population; it is suspected that in the 1950s, this resulted in the disappearance of the Brown Fish Owl.

ources

* [http://www.ijoem.com/article.asp?issn=0973-2284;year=2005;volume=9;issue=2;spage=53;epage=56;aulast=Saha Saha A. Thallium toxicity: A growing concern. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2005;9:53-56]

References

External links

* [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc03/icsc0336.htm International Chemical Safety Card 0336]
* [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0608.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards]
* [http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest10_e.htm Pesticide Data Sheet] (WHO/FAO)
* [http://www.science24.com/emrs2004fall/php/abstractView.phtml?2111 Kaunas University of Technology]
* [http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/Elements/Tl/Tl_Descr.html University of Wisconsin-Madison Chemistry Department]
* [http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/Birds/Facts/FactSheets/fact-brownfishowl.cfm Smithsonian National Zoological Park]


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