- List of countries by Human Development Index
-
World map indicating the Human Development Index (based on 2011 data, published on Nov 2, 2011).[1]0.900 and over0.850–0.8990.800–0.8490.750–0.7990.700–0.7490.650–0.6990.600–0.6490.550–0.5990.500–0.5490.450–0.4990.400–0.4490.350–0.3990.300–0.349under 0.300Data unavailable
This is a list of all countries by Human Development Index as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released on 2 November 2011, compiled on the basis of estimates for 2011. It covers 185 member states of the United Nations (out of 193), along with Hong Kong (of the People's Republic of China), and the Palestinian territories; 8 UN member states are not included due to lack of data. The average HDI of regions of the World and groups of countries are also included for comparison.
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a comparative measure of life expectancy, literacy, education and standards of living for countries worldwide. It is a standard means of measuring well-being, especially child welfare. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, a developing or an under-developed country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. The index was developed in 1990 by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq[2] and Indian economist Amartya Sen.[3]
Countries fall into four broad human development categories, each of which comprises 47 countries: Very High Human Development, High Human Development, Medium Human Development and Low Human Development (46 countries in this category).
Due to the new methodology adopted since the 2010 Human Development Report, its HDI figures appear lower than the HDI figures in previous reports.
From 2007 to 2010, the first category was referred to as developed countries, and the last three are all grouped in developing countries. The original "high human development" category has been split into two as above in the report for 2007.
Some older groupings (high/medium/low income countries) have been removed that were based on the gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, and have been replaced by another index based on the gross national income (GNI) in purchasing power parity per capita.
The country with the largest decrease in HDI since 1998 is Zimbabwe, falling from 0.514 in 1998 to 0.140 in 2010. The country with the largest decrease since 2009 is Cape Verde, which decreased by 0.170.
Over half of the world's population live in countries with "medium human development" (51%), while less than a fifth (18%) populate countries falling in the "low human development" category. Countries with "high" to "very high" human development account for less than a third of the world's total population (30%).
Contents
Complete list of countries
= increase.
= steady.
= decrease.
- Similar HDI values in the current list do not lead to ranking ties, since the HDI rank is actually determined using HDI values to the sixth decimal point.
- The number in brackets represents the number of ranks the country has climbed (up or down) relative to new 2011 data for 2010 (as indicated in the new 2011 report, p. 131).
Very high human development
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]1 Norway
0.943 0.002
2 Australia
0.929 0.002
3 Netherlands
0.910 0.001
4 United States
0.910 0.002
5 New Zealand
0.908 6 Canada
0.908 0.001
7 Ireland
0.908 0.001
8 Liechtenstein
0.905 0.001
9 Germany
0.905 0.002
10 Sweden
0.904 0.003
11 Switzerland
0.903 0.002
12 Japan
0.901 0.002
13 (1)
Hong Kong
0.898 0.004
14 (1)
Iceland
0.898 0.002
15 South Korea
0.897 0.003
16 Denmark
0.895 0.002
17 Israel
0.888 0.002
18 Belgium
0.886 0.001
19 Austria
0.885 0.002
20 France
0.884 0.001
21 Slovenia
0.884 0.002
22 Finland
0.882 0.002
23 Spain
0.878 0.002
24 Italy
0.874 0.001
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]25 Luxembourg
0.867 0.002
26 Singapore
0.866 0.002
27 Czech Republic
0.865 0.002
28 United Kingdom
0.863 0.001
29 Greece
0.861 0.001
30 United Arab Emirates
0.846 0.001
31 Cyprus
0.840 0.001
32 Andorra
0.838 33 Brunei
0.838 0.001
34 Estonia
0.835 0.003
35 Slovakia
0.834 0.002
36 Malta
0.832 0.002
37 Qatar
0.831 0.006
38 Hungary
0.816 0.002
39 Poland
0.813 0.002
40 (1)
Lithuania
0.810 0.005
41 (1)
Portugal
0.809 0.001
42 Bahrain
0.806 0.001
43 Latvia
0.805 0.003
44 Chile
0.805 0.003
45 (1)
Argentina
0.797 0.003
46 (1)
Croatia
0.796 0.002
47 Barbados
0.793 0.002
High human development
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]48 Uruguay
0.783 0.003
49 Palau
0.782 0.003
50 Romania
0.781 0.002
51 Cuba
0.776 0.003
52 Seychelles
0.773 0.002
53 Bahamas
0.771 0.001
54 (1)
Montenegro
0.771 0.002
55 (1)
Bulgaria
0.771 0.003
56 (2)
Saudi Arabia
0.770 0.003
57 Mexico
0.770 0.003
58 (1)
Panama
0.768 0.003
59 (1)
Serbia
0.766 0.002
60 (1)
Antigua and Barbuda
0.764 0.001
61 (3)
Malaysia
0.761 0.003
62 (1)
Trinidad and Tobago
0.760 0.002
63 (-1)
Kuwait
0.760 0.002
64 (-10)
Libya
0.760 0.010
65 Belarus
0.756 0.005
66 Russian Federation
0.755 0.004
67 Grenada
0.748 0.002
68 (1)
Kazakhstan
0.745 0.005
69 (-1)
Costa Rica
0.744 0.002
70 (1)
Albania
0.739 0.002
71 (-1)
Lebanon
0.739 0.002
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]72 Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.735 73 Venezuela
0.735 0.001
74 Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.733 0.002
75 Georgia
0.733 0.004
76 (3)
Ukraine
0.729 0.004
77 Mauritius
0.728 0.002
78 (-2)
Macedonia
0.728 0.002
79 (-2)
Jamaica
0.727 0.001
80 (1)
Peru
0.725 0.004
81 (-1)
Dominica
0.724 0.001
82 Saint Lucia
0.723 0.003
83 Ecuador
0.720 0.002
84 (1)
Brazil
0.718 0.003
85 (-1)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.717 0.002
86 Armenia
0.716 0.002
87 (1)
Colombia
0.710 0.003
88 (-1)
Iran
0.707 89 Oman
0.705 0.001
90 Tonga
0.704 0.001
91 Azerbaijan
0.700 0.001
92 (3)
Turkey
0.699 0.003
93 (-1)
Belize
0.699 0.001
94 (-1)
Tunisia
0.698 Medium human development
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]95 (-1)
Jordan
0.698 0.001
96 Algeria
0.698 0.002
97 (1)
Sri Lanka
0.691 0.005
98 (2)
Dominican Republic
0.689 0.003
99 Samoa
0.688 0.002
100 (-3)
Fiji
0.688 0.001
101 China
0.687 0.005
102 Turkmenistan
0.686 0.005
103 Thailand
0.682 0.002
104 Suriname
0.680 0.003
105 El Salvador
0.674 0.002
106 Gabon
0.674 0.004
107 Paraguay
0.665 0.003
108 Bolivia
0.663 0.003
109 Maldives
0.661 0.003
110 Mongolia
0.653 0.006
111 Moldova
0.649 0.005
112 (1)
Philippines
0.644 0.003
113 (-1)
Egypt
0.644 114 Palestinian territories
0.641 0.001
115 Uzbekistan
0.641 0.005
116 Micronesia, Federated States of
0.636 0.001
117 (2)
Guyana
0.633 0.004
118 (-1)
Botswana
0.633 0.002
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]119 (-1)
Syrian Arab Republic
0.632 0.001
120 (1)
Namibia
0.625 0.003
121 (-1)
Honduras
0.625 0.002
122 Kiribati
0.624 0.003
123 (1)
South Africa
0.619 0.004
124 (1)
Indonesia
0.617 0.004
125 (-2)
Vanuatu
0.617 0.002
126 Kyrgyzstan
0.615 0.004
127 Tajikistan
0.607 0.003
128 Viet Nam
0.593 0.003
129 Nicaragua
0.589 0.002
130 Morocco
0.582 0.003
131 Guatemala
0.574 0.001
132 Iraq
0.573 0.006
133 Cape Verde
0.568 0.002
134 India
0.547 0.005
135 (1)
Ghana
0.541 0.008
136 (-1)
Equatorial Guinea
0.537 0.003
137 Congo
0.533 0.005
138 (1)
Laos
0.524 0.004
139 (2)
Cambodia
0.523 0.005
140 (-2)
Swaziland
0.522 0.002
141 (-1)
Bhutan
0.522 0.004
Low human development
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]142 Solomon Islands
0.510 0.003
143 (1)
Kenya
0.509 0.004
144 (-1)
São Tomé and Príncipe
0.509 0.003
145 Pakistan
0.504 0.001
146 Bangladesh
0.500 0.004
147 Timor-Leste
0.495 0.004
148 Angola
0.486 0.004
149 (1)
Myanmar
0.483 0.004
150 (1)
Cameroon
0.482 0.003
151 (-2)
Madagascar
0.480 0.001
152 (1)
Tanzania
0.466 0.005
153 (-1)
Papua New Guinea
0.466 0.004
154 Yemen
0.462 0.002
155 Senegal
0.459 0.002
156 (1)
Nigeria
0.459 0.005
157 (-1)
Nepal
0.458 0.003
158 (1)
Haiti
0.454 0.005
159 (-1)
Mauritania
0.453 0.002
160 Lesotho
0.450 0.004
161 Uganda
0.446 0.004
162 Togo
0.435 0.002
163 Comoros
0.433 0.002
164 (1)
Zambia
0.430 0.005
165 (-1)
Djibouti
0.430 0.003
Rank Country HDI New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010[1] New 2011 Estimates for 2011
[1]Change compared to new 2011 data for 2010
[1]166 Rwanda
0.429 0.004
167 Benin
0.427 0.002
168 Gambia
0.420 0.002
169 Sudan
0.408 0.002
170 Côte d'Ivoire
0.400 0.001
171 Malawi
0.400 0.005
172 Afghanistan
0.398 0.004
173 Zimbabwe
0.376 0.012
174 Ethiopia
0.363 0.005
175 Mali
0.359 0.003
176 Guinea-Bissau
0.353 0.002
177 Eritrea
0.349 0.004
178 Guinea
0.344 0.002
179 Central African Republic
0.343 0.004
180 Sierra Leone
0.336 0.002
181 Burkina Faso
0.331 0.002
182 (1)
Liberia
0.329 0.004
183 (-1)
Chad
0.328 0.002
184 Mozambique
0.322 0.005
185 Burundi
0.316 0.003
186 Niger
0.295 0.002
187 Democratic Republic of Congo
0.286 0.004
List of countries by continent
Africa
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 High human development 1 Seychelles
0.773 2 Libya
0.760 3 Mauritius
0.728 4 Tunisia
0.698 Medium human development 5 Algeria
0.698 6 Gabon
0.674 7 Egypt
0.644 8 Botswana
0.633 9 Namibia
0.625 10 South Africa
0.619 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Democratic Republic of the Congo
0.286 2 Niger
0.295 3 Burundi
0.316 4 Mozambique
0.322 5 Chad
0.328 6 Liberia
0.329 7 Burkina Faso
0.331 8 Sierra Leone
0.336 9 Central African Republic
0.343 10 Guinea
0.344 Americas
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 United States
0.910 2 Canada
0.908 3 Chile
0.805 4 Argentina
0.797 5 Barbados
0.793 High human development 6 Uruguay
0.783 7 Cuba
0.776 8 Bahamas
0.771 9 Mexico
0.770 10 Panama
0.768 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Haiti
0.454 Medium human development 2 Guatemala
0.574 3 Nicaragua
0.589 4 Honduras
0.625 5 Guyana
0.633 6 Bolivia
0.663 7 Paraguay
0.665 8 El Salvador
0.674 9 Suriname
0.680 10 Dominican Republic
0.689 Asia and Oceania
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 Australia
0.929 2 New Zealand
0.908 3 Japan
0.901 4 Hong Kong
0.898 5 South Korea
0.897 6 Israel
0.888 7 Singapore
0.866 8 United Arab Emirates
0.846 9 Cyprus
0.840 10 Brunei
0.838 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Afghanistan
0.398 2 Nepal
0.458 3 Yemen
0.462 4 Papua New Guinea
0.466 5 Myanmar
0.483 6 Timor-Leste
0.495 7 Bangladesh
0.500 8 Pakistan
0.504 9 Solomon Islands
0.510 Medium human development 10 Bhutan
0.522 Europe
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 Norway
0.943 2 Netherlands
0.910 3 Ireland
0.908 4 Liechtenstein
0.905 5 Germany
0.905 6 Sweden
0.904 7 Switzerland
0.903 8 Iceland
0.898 9 Denmark
0.895 10 Belgium
0.886 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Medium human development 1 Moldova
0.649 High human development 2 Turkey
0.699 3 Azerbaijan
0.700 4 Armenia
0.716 5 Macedonia
0.728 6 Ukraine
0.729 7 Georgia
0.733 8 Bosnia and Herzegovina
0.733 9 Albania
0.739 10 Kazakhstan
0.745 List of countries by non-continental region
Arab League member states
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 United Arab Emirates
0.846 2 Qatar
0.831 3 Bahrain
0.806 High human development 4 Saudi Arabia
0.770 5 Kuwait
0.760 6 Libya
0.760 7 Lebanon
0.739 8 Oman
0.705 9 Tunisia
0.698 Medium human development 10 Jordan
0.698 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Sudan
0.408 2 Djibouti
0.430 3 Comoros
0.433 4 Mauritania
0.453 5 Yemen
0.462 Medium human development 6 Iraq
0.573 7 Morocco
0.582 8 Syria
0.632 9 Palestinian territories
0.641 10 Egypt
0.644 European Union
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 Netherlands
0.910 2 Ireland
0.908 3 Germany
0.905 4 Sweden
0.904 5 Denmark
0.895 6 Belgium
0.886 7 Austria
0.885 8 France
0.884 9 Slovenia
0.884 10 Finland
0.882 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 High human development 1 Bulgaria
0.771 2 Romania
0.781 Very high human development 3 Latvia
0.805 4 Portugal
0.809 5 Lithuania
0.810 6 Poland
0.813 7 Hungary
0.816 8 Malta
0.832 9 Slovakia
0.834 10 Estonia
0.835 East Asia and the Pacific
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 Australia
0.929 2 New Zealand
0.908 3 Japan
0.901 4 Hong Kong
0.898 5 South Korea
0.897 6 Singapore
0.866 7 Brunei
0.838 High human development 8 Palau
0.782 9 Malaysia
0.761 10 Tonga
0.704 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Papua New Guinea
0.466 2 Myanmar
0.483 3 Timor-Leste
0.495 4 Solomon Islands
0.510 Medium human development 5 Cambodia
0.523 6 Laos
0.524 7 Vietnam
0.593 8 Vanuatu
0.617 9 Indonesia
0.617 10 Kiribati
0.624 Latin America
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 Chile
0.805 2 Argentina
0.797 High human development 3 Uruguay
0.783 4 Cuba
0.776 5 Mexico
0.770 6 Panama
0.768 7 Costa Rica
0.744 8 Venezuela
0.735 9 Peru
0.725 10 Ecuador
0.720 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Haiti
0.454 Medium human development 2 Guatemala
0.574 3 Nicaragua
0.589 4 Honduras
0.625 5 Bolivia
0.663 6 Paraguay
0.665 7 El Salvador
0.674 8 Dominican Republic
0.689 High human development 9 Colombia
0.710 10 Brazil
0.718 Middle East and North Africa
10 highest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Very high human development 1 Israel
0.888 2 United Arab Emirates
0.846 3 Cyprus
0.840 4 Qatar
0.831 5 Bahrain
0.806 High human development 6 Saudi Arabia
0.770 7 Kuwait
0.760 8 Libya
0.760 9 Lebanon
0.739 10 Iran
0.707 10 lowest HDIs
Rank Country HDI New 2011 estimates for 2011 Low human development 1 Sudan
0.408 2 Yemen
0.462 Medium human development 3 Iraq
0.573 4 Morocco
0.582 5 Syria
0.632 6 Palestinian territories
0,641 7 Egypt
0.644 8 Algeria
0.698 9 Jordan
0.698 High human development 10 Tunisia
0.698 HDI by regions & groups
Region or Group 2011
estimates
for 2011
HDI[4]2011
estimates
for 2010
HDI[4]Very high human development Very High Human Development 0.889 0.888 OECD 0.873 0.871 High human development Europe and Central Asia 0.751 0.748 High Human Development 0.741 0.739 Latin America and the Caribbean 0.731 0.728 Medium human development World 0.682 0.679 East Asia and the Pacific 0.671 0.666 Arab states 0.641 0.639 Small Island Developing States 0.640 0.638 Medium Human Development 0.630 0.625 South Asia 0.548 0.545 Low human development Sub-Saharan Africa 0.463 0.460 Low Human Development 0.456 0.453 Least Developed Countries 0.439 0.435 Countries missing from latest report
UN member states (latest UNDP data)
Year Country HDI Rank Source Publication Data Very high human development 1997 N/A Monaco
0.946 N/A [citation needed] 1997 N/A San Marino
0.944 N/A [citation needed] Medium human development 1998 1995 North Korea
0.766 75 [5] 1998 N/A Nauru
0.663 N/A [citation needed] 1998 N/A Tuvalu
0.583 N/A [citation needed] 1998 N/A Marshall Islands
0.563 N/A [citation needed] Low human development 2001 2001 Somalia
0.284 161 [6][nb 1] Non-UN members (not calculated by the UNDP)
Year Country or Territory HDI Rank Source Publication Data Very high human development 1998 N/A Puerto Rico
0.942 N/A [7] 2008 2005 Martinique
0.929 24 [8] 1998 N/A Greenland
0.927 N/A [9] 2008 2005 Guadeloupe
0.912 28 [8] 2010 2007 Macau
0.944 23 [10] 2010 2010 Republic of China (Taiwan)
0.868 18 [nb 2] High human development 2008 2005 New Caledonia
0.878 34 [8] 2007 2004 Réunion
0.870 35 [8][12] 2008 2005 French Polynesia
0.864 42 [8] 2008 2005 French Guiana
0.862 43 [8] Medium human development 2004 2003 Kosovo
0.734 N/A [13] See also
- American Human Development Project
- Happy Planet Index
- List of African countries by Human Development Index
- List of Argentine provinces by Human Development Index
- List of Australian states and territories by HDI
- List of Brazilian states by Human Development Index
- List of Chilean regions by Human Development Index
- List of Chinese administrative divisions by Human Development Index
- List of countries by Human Development Index/Former reports
- List of countries by inequality-adjusted HDI
- List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index
- List of Indonesian provinces by HDI
- List of Mexican states by Human Development Index
- List of Pakistani Districts by Human Development Index
- List of Philippine provinces by Human Development Index
- List of Russian federal subjects by HDI
- List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index
- List of Venezuelan states by human development index
- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe statistics
- Satisfaction with Life Index
Notes
- ^ Somalia's last inclusion in the HDI ranking was in the 1996 report (1993 data).
- ^ The UN does not recognize the Republic of China (Taiwan) as a sovereign state. The HDI report does not include Taiwan as part of the People's Republic of China when calculating China's figures (see [1]). The ROC's government calculated its HDI to be 0.868, based on 2010 new methodology of UNDP for calculating 2010 HDIs.[11]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Human Development Report 2011 - Human development statistical annex". HDRO (Human Development Report Office United Nations Development Programme. pp. 127–130. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Tables.pdf. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ "History of the Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/reports/. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
- ^ "The Human Development concept". UNDP. 2010. http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
- ^ a b "2011 Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. p. 151. http://hdr.undp.org/en/data/trends/. Retrieved 2 November 2011.
- ^ "The State of Human Development" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 1998. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_1998_en_chap1.pdf. Retrieved 26 March 2009.
- ^ "Human Development Report: Somalia 2001" (PDF). 2001. p. 198. http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/africa/somalia/Somalia_2001_en.pdf. Retrieved 26 March 2009.[dead link]
- ^ "Puerto Rico (United States)". United Nations Environment Programme. 2 March 1998. http://islands.unep.ch/CSV.htm. Retrieved 26 March 2009.. Note: Appears to be simply the United States's HDI published on the 1997 report[citation needed].
- ^ a b c d e f "Les défis de la croissance calédonienne, on page 13" (in French) (PDF). CEROM - INSEE. http://www.cerom-outremer.org/jahia/webdav/site/cerom/users/admin_cerom/public/Pdf/BilanmacroNC2008.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-10.
- ^ "Greenland (Denmark)". United Nations Environment Programme. 2 March 1998. http://islands.unep.ch/CTP.htm. Retrieved 26 March 2009.. Note: Appears to be simply Denmark's HDI published on the 1997 report[citation needed].
- ^ The UN did not calculate the HDI of Macau. The government of Macau calculates its own HDI. If it were included in the UN's HDI figures as of 2007, Macau would rank 23rd or 24th (tying either Singapore or Hong Kong). "Macao in Figures 2010". Statistics and Census Service, Macau SAR. 2010. http://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/6ba9054b-39ed-4a06-95fa-be5fdc961af1/E_MN_PUB_2010_Y.aspx. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ^ "2010中華民國人類發展指數 (HDI)" (in Chinese) (pdf). Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C.. 2010. http://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/11715541971.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
- ^ "L’Indice de Développement Humain : Une Évaluation pour la réunion" (in French) (PDF). Laboratoire d’Economie Appliquée au Développement (LEAD) Université du Sud Toulon-Var. http://www.regionetdeveloppement.u-3mrs.fr/pdf/R27/Goujon.pdf. Retrieved 2008-12-10.[dead link]
- ^ "Human Development Report - Kosovo 2004". UNDP. 2004. p. 14. http://www.ks.undp.org/repository/docs/KHDR2004.pdf. Retrieved 2011-01-22.
External links
- Human Development Report 2011
- Archive of Previous global reports.
- HDI 2011 Index (the first column).
- Data challenges in estimating the HDI: The cases of Cuba, Palau and the Occupied Palestinian Territory.
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