Samarai

Samarai is an island and former administrative capital in Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea. Located off the south-eastern tip of New Guinea in the China Strait Samarai has an area of just convert|240000|m2|acre|0.

The island is historically significant as the site of a trading port and stop-over between Australia and East Asia. Samarai town was established on the island and at its height was the second largest after Port Moresby in the Territory of Papua. [Cite book |title=Papua New Guinea |publisher=Lonely Planet |first=Adrian |last=Lipscomb |coauthor=et al. |year=1998 |month=Feb |isbn=0-86442-402-7]

At present little is left of the town which covered Samarai as it was destroyed during World War II. The island was declared a "National Historical Heritage Island" by the government of Papua New Guinea in 2006.

History

ettlement

The island was discovered by Captain John Moresby whilst commanding HMS "Basilik" in 1873. Moresby originally called the island Dinner Island, after having a meal on it.Cite book |title=The Encyclopaedia of Papua and New Guinea |editor=Ryan, Peter |year=1972 |publisher=Melbourne University Press |location=Melbourne |pages=pp. 1028-1029 |isbn=0522840256] Five years later in 1878 the Rev. S. MacFarlane of the London Missionary Society established a mission station on the island. A government officer was posted to the island after a protectorate had been declared over British New Guinea.

In 1884 a trader and sixty Papuans established a beach front store for passing ships. In the early years a large malarious swamp caused health problems for Samarai, but this was improved after 1898 when it was filled in. After the annexation of British New Guinea in 1888, Samarai became the headquarters of an administrative district. A court was subsequently established and a magistrate posted.

By the 20th century the island was a bustling cosmopolitan port town, administrative centre and major commercial centre. [Cite web |title=Photographing Samarai; place, imagination and change |first=Dr Max |last=Quanchi |url=http://www.socialchange.qut.edu.au/conferences/socialchange/docs/conf_papers2006/Quanchi_FIN.pdf |format=PDF] It was noted for its size and attractive appearance. In 1902 the value of goods exported from Samarai was three times the value of those exported from Port Moresby. By 1907 there were three pubs, the seat of a bishop, a rectory, church, three stores, government buildings, hospitals and private residences. Electric power was provided by 1927 and street lighting was installed.

Decline and World War II

By the 1920s the town had declined in importance and by the 1940s 70 percent of goods were now exported from Port Moresby, although Samarai was still significant in the trade of copra. In 1940 Sir Hubert Murray, the Lieutenant-Governor of the Territory of Papua, travelled to Samarai, after falling ill, and subsequently died on the island.

After the outbreak of World War II and with the Japanese advance into the Pacific the Australian Government ordered the evacuation of Samarai in January 1942 and later in the year it was destroyed to stop the wharves and buildings falling under Japanese control. In July 1943 a detachment of US Navy Seabees established a small seaplane base on the island. Despite a lack of materials the base including a Convert|50|ft|m|0 ramp and hangar was constructed in 42 days. [Cite web |url=http://www.pacificwrecks.com/provinces/png_samarai.html |title=Samarai Island |publisher=Pacific Wrecks|abbr=on]

Although Samarai was reestablished after the war, it never returned to its former size or influence and in 1968 the provincial capital for Milne Bay was moved to Alotau. Today the island is mostly isolated and little belies its former past. In 2006 the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, Sir Michael Somare, declared the island a "National Historical Heritage Island", and vowed to "restore basic services and refurbish its monuments and buildings as a tourist attraction". [Cite web |url=http://www.pm.gov.pg/pmsoffice/PMsoffice.nsf/pages/088DCB7A4DC6BBD94A25719D0020B2C2?OpenDocument |title=Address by the Prime Minister of PNG |work=Official Web Site of the Prime Minister |publisher=Government of Papua New Guinea |date=2006-02-16]

References

External links

* [http://www.pngaa.net/Photo_Gallery/Samaraiin1906/index.html Photographs of Samarai in 1906] - Papua New Guinea Association