Anatoly Gorsky

Anatoly Veniaminovich Gorsky (Анатолий Вениаминович Горский) ( ca. 1907 - 1980), was a Soviet spy who, under cover as First Secretary "Anatoly Borisovich Gromov" of the Soviet Embassy in Washington, was secretly "rezident" (chief of Soviet intelligence operations) in the United States at the end of World War II. [John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, "Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials That Shaped American Politics" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006) ISBN 0521857384, p. 69]

Career

Gorsky joined the Soviet secret police in 1928 and worked in the internal political police. In 1936 he transferred to foreign intelligence and was sent to England as cipher clerk and assistant to the London "rezident". During the Great Purges of 1939 the London "rezidentura" was liquidated, and in March 1940 Gorsky was recalled to Moscow. Gorsky survived the purges and was appointed London "rezident" in November 1940, during the Hitler-Stalin pact. In London his first cover was attaché, then second secretary of the Soviet embassy.

As London "rezident" Gorsky took over managing eighteen agents, including the Cambridge Five, and the initial Soviet penetration of the British atomic bomb project. The London "rezidentura" consisted of only three people. By the end of the war there were twelve operational workers. In the heaviest period of war, from 1941 to 1942 the London "rezidentura" was the basic information source of Soviet operations on Germany and countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. More than 10 thousand documentary materials along political, economic, military and other questions were sent from the London "rezidentura" to Moscow.

In September 1941 the London "rezidentura" obtained and sent to Moscow documentary materials on work in Great Britain and the USA on the creation of nuclear weapons and supplied a constant stream of information. During January 1944 Gorsky returned to Moscow after the completion of this mission and was assigned deputy division head.

Espionage Activities in the United States

Following the sudden recall of Vasily Zarubin in 1944, Gorsky was appointed "rezident" in the United States. The Federal Bureau of Investigation identified him the following year when, at the direction of the Bureau, defecting Soviet courier Elizabeth Bentley met under FBI surveillance with Gorsky, whom she knew as "Al." [FBI Report: Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, August 24, 1948. [http://education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster145.pdf FBI file: Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, Volume 145] , pp. 108-111 (PDF pp. 182-85)]

When FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover informed Sir William Stephenson, head of British intelligence in the western hemisphere, of Bentley’s defection, the head of British counter-espionage against the Soviet Union—-Soviet agent Kim Philby of the Cambridge spy ring—-promptly alerted Soviet intelligence. Moscow cabled all U.S. station chiefs to “cease immediately their connection with all persons known to Bentley in our work [and] to warn the agents about Bentley’s betrayal.” The cable specifically ordered Gorsky to cease meeting with Harold Glasser, Donald Wheeler, Alan Rosenberg, Charles Kramer, Victor Perlo, Helen Tenney, Maurice Halperin, Lauchlin Currie, and others. [Lauren Kessler, "Clever Girl: Elizabeth Bentley, the Spy who Ushered in the McCarthy Era" (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), ISBN 0060959738, p. 142] [ Kathryn S. Olmsted, "Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley" (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), ISBN 0807827398, pp. 105-106]

Gorsky sent a long memorandum to Moscow discussing the best way to kill Bentley. He considered shooting, poisoning, faking an accident or faking her suicide, [Kessler, op. cit., p. 110] suggesting that the job might be assigned to Joseph Katz. [Olmsted, op. cit., pp. 106-107] Within two months of the meeting, Gorsky had been recalled to Moscow, along with Iskhak Akhmerov and others. [Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrohhin, "The Sword and the Shield" (New York: Basic Books, 2000), ISBN 0465003125, pp. 142-143]

Later career

In 1948, Gorsky authored the Gorsky memo, an internal Soviet secret police document in which he listed 43 Soviet sources and intelligence officers likely to be identified to American authorities by Bentley after her defection, including Alger Hiss, Harry White and Lauchlin Currie. [ [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=b&msg=ycrsVT7M1e2L9EECiLFskg&user=&pw= Alexander Vassiliev's Notes on Anatoly Gorsky's December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks, Tr. Ronald Bachman and Harold Leich, assisted by John Earl Haynes] ]

In 1953 Gorsky shifted to internal security work. For successful work in the United States Gorsky obtained the rank of Colonel and in 1945 was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War. He also received the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, the Order of the Badge of Honor, and the Red Star.

References

* [http://svr.gov.ru/history/gors.html Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (in Russian)]
*John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, "Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America", Yale University Press (1999).