- Karoline Kaulla
Karoline (also Hebrew Chaile) Kaulla (born Raphael (surname), but known foremost under the name Madame Kaulla) or "Kiefe" Auerbacher, born 1739 in
Buchau am Federsee , diedMarch 18 1809 inHechingen , was one of the greatestCourt Jew s of her time, and was reputed to have been the richest woman inGermany .Her father, Isaak Raphael, was a
Court Jew for the house ofHohenzollern . She was the sister ofRaphael Kaulla .To speak in modern terms, she can be characterized as a
charisma tic economic leader, who came to be a treasurer at the RoyalWürttemberg Court, and leader of the Trading House Kaulla inStuttgart . She later was a co-founder of the Royal Württemberg Court Bank, which, after many fusions, resulted in theDeutsche Bank in the 1920s.Kaulla received great honors, amongst them the "Civil-Verdienst-Medaille with golden chain" presented to her by Emperor
Franz I . The golden chain is now displayed at Yad Vashem Historic museum in Jerusalem.She is reputed to have been a beautiful, impressive woman, praised for the welfare, her care for the poor (regardless of religion) and her works for the
Jewish community in Hechingen.:
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