List of rulers of Damascus

This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present.:"General context: History of Damascus".

Canaanite

*Uz ben Shem (c. 2500 BC?)
*Biryawaza (1300s BC)

Aram Damascus

*Rezon I (c. 950 BC)
*Tab-Rimmon
*Bar Haddad I (c. 914 BC-c. 880 BC)
*Bar Haddad II (c. 880 BC-c. 843 BC)
*Hazael (c. 843 BC-c. 804 BC)
*Bar Haddad III (c. 796 BC)
*Tab-El (c. 770 BC)
*Rezon II (c. 740 BC-732 BC)

Period of non-independence

*to Assyria (732 BC-609 BC)
**Ilu-Ittia (c. 700s BC)
*to Babylon (609 BC-539 BC)
*to Persia (539 BC-332 BC)
*to Macedon (332 BC-323 BC)
*to Antigonids (323 BC-301 BC)
*to Egypt (301 BC-198 BC)
*to Seleucids (198 BC-167 BC)
*to Ituraea (167 BC-110 BC)
*to the Decapolis (110 BC-85 BC)
*to Nabataea (85 BC-64 BC)
*to the Roman Republic/Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire (64 BC-635)
**to the Ghassanids (529-584; ?-635)

Ummayad dynasty

Ummayad emirs

*Khalid ibn al-Walid (635-636)
*Abu Ubaid (636-637)
*Amr ibn al-Aas (637-640)
*Yazid ibn Abu Sufyan (640)
*Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (640-661)

Ummayad dynasty ruling in Damascus

*Muawiyah I ibn Abu Sufyan (661-680)
*Yazid I ibn Muawiyah (680-683)
*Muawiya II ibn Yazid (683-684)
*Marwan I ibn Hakam (684-685)
*Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705)
*al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik (705-715
*Suleiman ibn Abd al-Malik (715-717)
*Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (717-720 )
*Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik (720-724)
*Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (724-743)
*al-Walid II ibn Yazid II (743-744)
*Yazid III ibn al-Walid (744)
*Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (744)
*Marwan II ibn Muhammad (ruled from Harran in the Jazira, 744-750)

Abbasid emirs

*Abdallah ibn 'Ali (750-753)
*as-Salih ibn 'Ali (753)
*Abd al-Bahhab ibn Ibrahim al-Abbasi (754-763)
*?
*Abu Ja'far Harun al-Rashid (783-786)
*?
*Ibrahim as-Salih (791-793)
*Musa ibn Yahya al-Barmaki (793-794)
*Abd al-Malik ibn as-Salih (794-797)
*Ja'far ibn Yahya (797-803)
*Shuyat ibn Hadim (803-804)
*?
*Yahya ibn Muad (808-810)
*Abd al-Malik ibn as-Salih (810-811)
*Sulayman ibn al-Mansur (811-815)
*Tahir ibn al-Husein (815-821)
*Abdallah ibn Tahir (821-822)
*?
*Abu Ishaq Muhammad al-Mu'tasim (828-829)
*al-Abbas ibn al-Ma'mun (829-833)
*'Ali ibn Ishaq (833-841)
*Rija ibn Ayyub al-Hadari (841-847)
*Malik ibn Sauq al-Taglibi (847-850)
*Ibrahim al-Muyad ibn Mutawakkil (850-855)
*al-Fath ibn Hakan al-Turki (856-861)
*'Isa ibn Muhammad ibn al-Shayh (861-864)
*?
*Amajur (871-872)
*Abu Ahmad Talha al-Muwaffak ibn Mutawakkil (872-877)
*to Egypt (877-969)
**Tughj ibn Jauf (896)
**Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Ikshidi (896-933)
**Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Kaigaliq (933-935)
**directly to Egypt (935-943)
**Hamdanid dynasty
***Muhammad ibn Yazdad al-Shahrzuri (943-945)
***Saif ad-Dawlah Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abu al-Shuja (945)
***Muhammad ibn Raik (945-946)
***Saif ad-Dawlah Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Abu al-Shuja (946)
**directly to Egypt (Ikhshidid dynasty, 946-969)

Fatimid emirs

*Abu Ali Jafar ibn Fallah al-Katami (969-971)
*?
*Zalim inbn Mauhab al-Ukayli (973-974)
*Jaysh ibn Muhammad (974)
*Rayn al-Muizzi (974)
*Alp Tegin al-Muizzi (974-977)
*Qassam al-Turab (977-983)
*Bal Tegin al-Turki (983)
*Bakjur (983-991)
*Munir al-Hadim (991)
*Magu Tegin (993-996)
*Sulayman ibn Fallah (996)
*Bishara al-Ikhshidi (997-998)
*Jaysh ibn Muhammad (998-1000)
*Sulayman ibn Fallah (1000-1002)
*Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Jafar (1002-1004)
*Abu Salih Muflih al-Lihyani (1004-1009)
*Hamid ibn Mulham (1009)
*Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1010-1011)
*Badr al-Attar (1011-1012)
*Abu Abdallah al-Muzahhir (1012-1014)
*Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ilyas (1015-1021)
*Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1021-1023)
*Shihab ad-Dawlah Shah Tegin (1023-1024)
*Wajik ad-Dawlah Abu al-Muta Zu-l-Karnayn Hamdan (1024-1028)
*Anushtegin ad-Dizbari (1028-1041)
*Nasir ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Husein al-Hamdani (1041-1048)
*Baha ad-Dawlah Takiq al-Saklabi (1048-1049)
*Uddat ad-Dawlah Rifq al-Mustansiri (1049)
*Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawlah (1049-1058)
*Makin ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Hasan ibn 'Ali (1058)
*Nasir ad-Dawlah Abu Ali al-Husein al-Hamdani (1058-1060)
*Sebuq Tegin (1060)
*Muwaffaq ad-Dawlah Jauhar al-Mustansiri (1060-1061)
*Hasam ad-Dawlah ibn al-Bachinaki (1061)
*Uddat ad-Dawlah ibn al-Husein (1061)
*Mu'in ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Adud ad-Dawla (1061-1063)
*Badr al-Jamali (1063)
*Hisn ad-Dawlah Haydar ibn Mansur (1063-1067)
*Qutb ad-Din Baris Tegin (1068-1069)
*Hisn ad-Dawlah Mualla al-Kitami (1069-1071)
*?
*Zain ad-Dawlah Intisar ibn Yahya al-Masmudi (1075-1076)

Seljuk emirs

*Abaaq al-Khwarazmi (1076-1079)
*Tutush I (1079-1095)
*Duqaq (1095-1104)
*Tutush II (1104)
*Muhi ad-Din Baqtash (1104)

=Burid emirs=

*Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin (1104-1128)
*Taj al-Mulk Buri (1128-1132)
*Shams al-Mulk Ismail (1132-1135)
*Shihab ad-Din Mahmud (1135-1139)
*Jamal ad-Din Muhammad (1139-1140)
*"Mu'in ad-Din Unur" (Regent, 1140-1149)
*Mujir ad-Din Abaq (1140-1154)

=Zengid atabegs=

* Nur ad-Din Mahmud (1154-1174)
* As-Salih Ismail al-Malik (1174)

=Ayyubid sultans=

* Saladin (1174-1186)
* Al-Afdal (1186-1196), Son of Saladin
* Al-Adil I (1196-1218)
* Al-Mu'azzam (1218-1227)
* An-Nasir Dawud (1227-1229)
* Al-Ashraf (1229-1237)
* As-Salih Ismail (1237)
* Al-Kamil (1237-1238)
* Al-Adil II (1238-1239)
* As-Salih Ayyub (1239)
* As-Salih Ismail (1239-1245)
* As-Salih Ayyub (1245-1249)
* Turanshah (1249-1250)
* An-Nasir Yusuf (1250-1260)

=Mameluk Bahrid emirs=

*?
*Sunkur al-Ashkar (1275-1280)
*Lajin al-Askhar (1280-?)
*Akush Beg (c. 1290s)
*Izz ad-Din Ayback (?-1296)
*Shuja ad-Din Adirlu (1296-1297)
*Sayf ad-Din Kipchak (1297-1312)
*Sayf ad-Din Tanqiz as-Nasiri (1312-1340)
*Yilbugha al-Nasiri (1340-1350)
*Sayf ad-Din Manjak (1350)
*Tash Timur (c. 1380)
*Yilbugha al-Nasiri (?-1393)
*Sayf ad-Din Tanibak (1393-1399)
*Sudun (1399-1400)
*occupied by Timur (1400-1401)
*Taghribirdi al-Zahiri (1401-?)
*?
*Kijmas (c. 1470s)
*Ghazali Arab (c. 1500s)
*Shihab ad-Din Ahmad (1516-1517)
*Janbirdi al-Ghazali (1518-1521)

=Ottoman walis=

*Yunus Pasha (c. 1516)
*Aiyaz Pasha (1521-1522)
*Ferhad Pasha (1522-1523)
*Hurram Pasha (1523-1525)
*Sulayman Pasha al-Tawashi (1525-1526)
*Lutf Pasha (1526-1528)
*Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1528-1531)
*Mustafa Ablaq Pasha (1531-1534)
*Lutf Pasha (1534-1535)
*Isa Bey Pasha Chenderli (1535)
*Mohammad Kuzal Pasha (1536-1537)
*Topal Sulayman Pasha (1537-1538)
*Ahmed Pasha I (1538-1539)
*Qese Husrau Pasha (1539-1541)
*Isa Pasha (1541-1543)
*Piri Pasha (1543-1545)
*Hadim Sinan Pasha (1545-1550)
*Piri Pasha (1550-1551)
*Mohammad Pasha Bartaki (1551-1552)
*Shamsi Ahmed Pasha (1552-1555)
*Hizr Pasha (1555-1561)
*Ali Pasha Lankun (1561-1563)
*Khusrau Pasha I (1563)
*Lala Mustafa Pasha (1563-1569)
*Murad Pasha Shaitan (1569)
*Ali Pasha Lankun (1569-1570)
*Haji Ahmed Pasha (1570-1571)
*Lala Jafar Pasha (1574-1575)
*Murad Pasha (1575-1577)
*Hasan Pasha I (1577-1581)
*Bahram Pasha (1581-1582)
*Husein Pasha I (1582-1583)
*Hasan Pasha I (1583)
*Qubad Sulayman Pasha (1584)
*Hasan Pasha I (1585-1586)
*Uways Pasha (1586-1587)
*Mohammas Pasha Farhad (1587-1588)
*Uways Pasha (1588-1589)
*Elwanzade Ali Pasha (1589-1590)
*Kocha Sinan Pasha (1590)
*Hasan Pasha I (1590-1591)
*Mustafa Pasha I (1591-1592)
*Khalil Pasha (1592-1593)
*Qachirji Mohammad Pasha (1593-1594)
*Hasan Pasha I (1594)
*Murad Pasha (1594-1595)
*Khusrau Pasha II (1595-1596)
*Razia Hutunzade Mustafa Pasha (1596-1597)
*Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1597-1598)
*Ahmed Pasha II (1598)
*Ahmed Pasha III (1598)
*Khusrau Pasha II (1599)
*Seyyed Mehmed Pasha (1599-1600)
*Othman Pasha (1601-1603)
*Farhad Pasha Bustanji (1603-1604)
*Mustafa Pasha II (1604-1607)
*Mahmud Pasha (1607-1608)
*Sufi Sinan Pasha (1608-1609)
*Ahmad al-Hafiz (1609-1615)
*Silihdar Mehmed Pasha (1615-1617)
*Ahmad al-Hafiz (1618-1619)
*Mustafa Pasha III (1619-1620)
*Sulayman Pasha I (1620-1621)
*Murtaza Pasha Bustanji (1621-1622)
*Mehmed Pasha Rushand (1622-1623)
*Mustafa Pasha al-Hannaq (1623-1624)
*Nigdeli Mustafa Pasha (1624-1625)
*Gurju Mehmed Pasha I (1625-1626)
*Tayar Oglu Mehmed Pasha (1626-1628)
*Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1628-1629)
*Mustafa Pasha IV (1629-1630)
*Nawaya Mehmed Pasha (1630-1631)
*Ilyas Pasha (1632-1633)
*Deli Yusuf Pasha (1633-1635)
*Küçük Ahmed Pasha (1635-1636)
*Dervish Mehmed Pasha I (1636-1638)
*Mustafa Pasha IV (1638-1639)
*Chifteli Othman Pasha (1639-1640)
*Mehmed Pasha I (1640-1641)
*Serji Ahmed Pasha (1641-1642)
*Melik Ahmed Pasha (1642-1643)
*Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha (1643)
*Silihdar Yusuf Pasha (1643-1644)
*Gurju Mehmed Pasha II (1644-1645)
*Ibrahim Pasha I (1645)
*Mehmed Pasha Salami (1645-1646)
*Gürcê Mehmed (1646)
*Silihadar Yusuf Pasha (1646-1647)
*Sufi Murteza Pasha (1647)
*Sofu Mehmed Pasha (1648)
*Damad Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1649)
*Mehmed Pasha II (1649-1650)
*Silihdar Murtaza Pasha (1650)
*Siwasli Mustafa Pasha (1650-1651)
*Ag Ahmed Pasha (1651-1562)
*Deftarzade Mehmed Pasha (1653-1655)
*Qara Murad Pasha (1655)
*Qeprulu Fazil Ahmed Pasha (1659-1661)
*Sulayman Pasha II (1661-1663)
*Ribleli Mustafa Pasha (1663-1665)
*Salih Pasha I (1665-1666)
*Qara Mustafa Pasha (1666-1667)
*Mehmed Pasha Chewish Oglu (1667-1669)
*Ibrahim Pasha Shaytan (1669-1671)
*Abazekh Husein Pasha (1671-1672)
*Qara Mehmed Pasha (1672-1673)
*Ibrahim Pasha Shushman (1673-1674)
*Qer Husein Pasha (1674-1675)
*Ibrahim Pasha II (1675-1676)
*Osman Pasha Bustarji (1676-1679)
*Abazekh Husein Pasha (1679-1683)
*Ibrahim Pasha III (1684)
*Osman Pasha Bustarji (1684-1685)
*Kaplan Pasha (1686-1687)
*Arab Salih Pasha (1687-1688)
*Hamza Pasha (1688-1689)
*Silihdar Mustafa Pasha (1689-1690)
*Murtaza Pasha (1690-1691)
*Gurju Mehmed Pasha III (1691-1692)
*Ibshir Mustafa Pasha (1693-1694)
*Silihdar Osman Pasha (1695-1696)
*Silihdar Buuqli Mustafa Pasha (1696-1697)
*Ahmad Pasha Hacigirai (1697-1698)
*Silihdar Husein Pasha (1699)
*Silihdar Hasan Pasha (1700)
*Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1701)
*Salih Agha (1702)
*Mehmed Pasha Kurd Bajram (1702-1703)
*Pasha-ojlu (1703)
*Osman Pasha Arnavud (1703)
*Arslan Mehmed Pasha Matracyoghlu (1703-1704)
*Mustafa Pasha V (1704)
*Firari Hüseyin Pasha (1704-1705)
*Mehmed Pasha Kurd Bajram (1705-1706)
*Pasha-ojlu (1706)
*Baltaci Süleyman Pasha (1706-1707)
*Yusuf Pasha Qubtan Helvaci (1707)
*Halebli Hüseyin Pasha (1707)
*Osmanzade Nasuh Pasha al] - [Aydini (1708-1714)
*Cerkes Mehmed Pasha the Circassian (1714)
*Mehmed Pasha III (1714)
*Topal Yusuf Pasha (1715)
*Nevsehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha (1716-1717)
*Köprülüzade Abd Allah Pasha (1717-1718)
*Reçeb Pasha (1718)
*Abu Tawq Matuqzade Osman Pasha (1718)
*Küçük Osman Pasha (1719-1720)
*Ali Pasha Maqtulojlu (1720-1723)
*Abu Tawq Matuqzade Osman Pasha (1723-1725)
*Azamzade Ismail Pasha (1725-1730)
*Osman Aça (1730)
*Qara Süleyman Aça (acting) (1730)
*Aidinli Abdallah Pasha (1730-1731)
*vacant (1731-1734)
*Azamzade Süleyman Pasha (1734-1738)
*Hüsein Pasha II (1738)
*Abu Tawq Matuqzade Osman Pasha (1739)
*Abdi Pashazade Ali Pasha (1740)
*Azamzade Süleyman Pasha (1741-1743)
*Azamzade Esad Pasha (1743-1757)
*Mekkizade Hüseyin Pasha (1757)
*Ishalyq Mehmed Pasha (1759-1760)
*Uthman Pasha al-Kurzi (1760-1771)
*Azamzade Mehmed Pasha (1771-1772)
*Hafiz Mustafa Pasha Bustanci (1772-1773)
*Azamzade Mehmed Pasha (1773-1783)
*Osmanzade Mehmed Pasha (1783)
*Osmanzade Dervish Pasha (1783-1784)
*Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1784-1786)
*Hüseyin Pasha Battal (1786-1787)
*Abdi Pasha (1787-1788)
*Ibrahim Pasha al-Halabi (1788-1789)
*vacant (1789-1790)
*Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1790-1795)
*Azamzade Abdallah Pasha (1795-1798)
*Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1798-1799)
*Azamzade Abdallah Pasha (1799-1803)
*Ahmed Pasha al-Jazzar (1803-1804)
*Azamzade Abdallah Pasha (1804-807)
*Kunj Yusuf Pasha (1807-1810)
*Süleyman Pasha Silahdar (1810-1818)
*Salih Pasha II (1818)
*Abdallah Pasha II (1819-1821)
*Dervish Mehmd Pasha II (1821-1822)
*Mustafa Pasha IV (1822-1826)
*vacant (1826-1828)
*Benderli Selim Sirri Mehmed Pasha (1828-1831)
*Ali Pasha I (1831-1832)
*to Egypt, autonomous from the Ottoman Empire
**Ahmed Bey (1831-1832)
**Ibrahim Pasha IV (1832)
**Muhammad Sharif Pasha (1832-1838)
**vacant (1838-1840)
*Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1840-1841)
*Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1841-1844)
*Mehmed Namiq Pasha (1845-1846)
*Riza Pasha (1845-1846)
*Musa Sefveti Pasha (1846)
*Namiq Pasha (1848)
*Mehmed Namiq Pasha (1848-1850)
*Osman Pasha Said Pasha (1850-1852)
*Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1852)
*Açaf Pasha (1852-1854)
*Arif Mehmed Pasha (1854-1855)
*Mehmed Namiq Pasha (1855)
*Mahmud Nedim Pasha (1856-1857)
*Izzet Mehmed Pasha (1857)
*Ali Pasha II (1858)
*Mu'amer Pasha (1860)
*Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1860-1861)
*Ahmed Pasha IV (1861)
*Emin Muhlis Pasha (1861-1862)
*Mehmed Reshid Pasha (1862-1864)
*Müterçim Mehmed Rüstü Pasha (1864-1865)
*Reshid Pasha (1865-1871)
*Subhi Pasha (1871-1873)
*Sherif Mehmed Re'uf Pasha (1873-1874)
*Esad Pasha (1874-1875)
*Ahmed Hamdi Pasha (1875-1876)
*Ahmed Pasha V (1876-1877)
*Küçük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (1877-1878)
*Ali Haydar Midhat Pasha (1878-1879)
*Hamdi Pasha (1880-1885)
*Rashid Nashid Pasha (1885-1888)
*Manastirli Mehmed Nazif Pasha (1888-1889)
*Mustafa Asim Pasha (1889-1891)
*Topal Osman Nuri Pasha (1891-1892)
*Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha (1892-1894)
*Haçi Osman Nuri Pasha (1894-1895)
*Hasan Pasha II (1896-1897)
*Nazim Pasha (1897-1906)
*Shukri Pasha (1906-1909)
*Ismail Fazil Bey (1909-1911)
*Ismail Ghalib Bey (1911-1912)
*Kiazim Pasha (1912-1913)
*Arif Bey (1913)
*Mehmed Arif Bey Mardin (1914)
*Jamal Pasha (1915)
*Azmi Pasha (1915-1916)
*Tahsin Bey (1916-1918)
*Mehmed Gabriel Pasha (1918)
*Shukri Pasha (October 1-2, 1918)

Hashemite kingdom

*Faisal (1918-1920)

Capital of Syria

*to France (1920-1946)
*Republic of Syria (1946-1958)
*United Arab Republic (1958-1961)
*Republic of Syria (1961-present)

ee also

*Rulers of Aleppo

External links

* [http://www.hostkingdom.net/Syria.html#Syria Syria] and [http://www.hostkingdom.net/Syria.html#Damascus Damascus] from [http://www.hostkingdom.net Hostkingdom.net]