Hamm

Infobox German Location
Name = Hamm
German_name =
Art = City
image_photo = Hamm Luftbild Innenstadt 2007.jpg
imagesize =
image_caption = City of Hamm
Wappen = Counts of Mark Arms.svg
Wappengröße =
lat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 40 | lat_sec = 57
lon_deg = 7 | lon_min = 49 | lon_sec = 13
Karte =
Lageplan =
Lageplanbeschreibung =
Bundesland = North Rhine-Westphalia
Regierungsbezirk = Arnsberg
Kreis = urban district
Höhe = 37.7 - 102
Fläche = 226.26
area_metro =
Einwohner = 183672
pop_metro =
Stand = 2006-12-31
pop_ref =
PLZ = 59000-59077
PLZ-alt = 4700
Vorwahl = 02381, 02382, 02383, 02384, 02385, 02388, 02389, 02307
Kfz = HAM
Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 9 15 000
NUTS =
LOCODE =
Gliederung = Hamm-Mitte, Bockum-Hövel, Heessen, Rhynern, Uentrop, Pelkum, Herringen
Website = [http://www.Hamm.de www.hamm.de]
Bürgermeister = Thomas Hunsteger-Petermann
Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister
Partei = CDU

Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. It is located on the Lippe River, in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. As of December 2003 its population was 180,849. The city situated between the A1 motorway and A2 motorway. Hamm railway station is an important hub for rail transport and renowned for its distinctive station building.

History

Coat of arms

The coat of arms has been in use in its present form for about 750 years. It shows the markish chessboard ("märkischen Schachbalken") in red and silver on a golden field. Originally it was the founders' coat of arms, i. e. the Counts of Mark. The chessboard and the colours are often displayed in the coats of arms of further towns founded by that family line. Similarly, the colours of the city are red and white.

Overview

The name "Ham" means "corner" in the old Low German dialect spoken at that time. In the old times the name "thom Hamme" would be used, which evolved slowly into its modern form "Hamm". The name derives from the description of the Hamm's location in the corner of the Lippe river and the narrow Ahse affluent, where it was founded on Ash Wednesday in March 1226 by Count Adolf I of the Mark.
*1350 The Black death killed nearly all of the citizens. Only seven families survived.
*1469 Hamm became a member of the Hanseatic League. It was one of the most powerful towns in the region, while the large cities of the today's Ruhr area still were only tiny villages.
*1614 The Treaty of Xanten ends the conflict about the heritage of Cleve-Mark, the Electorate Brandenburg (later Prussia) inherited the Ducal Cleve and the counties Ravensburg and Mark (with Hamm)
*1618-1648 Thirty Years' War, Hamm was taken several times by different armed forces and had to endure changing garrisons. Almost all buildings were destroyed, except for the main church St. Georg (today: Pauluskirche) and St. Agnes church.
*1657 Establishment of the Gynasium illustre (later named Gymnasium Hammonense) with three faculties (theology, jurisprudence and philosophy).
*1753 Establishment of the regional court (Landgericht)
*1767 "Märkische Kammerdeputation" established
*1769 Brewery Isenbeck founded
*1787 Changing of the "Märkische Kammerdeputation" into the "Märkische Kriegs- und Domänenkammer" by the Prussian "Generaldirektorium".
*1818 Hamm has 4,688 inhabitants.
*1820 The regional appeal court moves from Cleve to Hamm.
*1847 First train stops at the main station Hamm
*1853 Westfälische Union (later Thyssen Draht AG) was founded
*1856 Westfälische Draht Industrie was founded (later Klöckner Draht GmbH, today Westfälische Draht Industrie (WDI))
*1901 30,000 inhabitants, the district Hamm is split up into the urban district of Hamm (City) and the district of Unna.
*1901 Coal-mine de Wendel in Herringen starts mining (later Heinrich-Robert, now Bergwerk Ost) (first coal output 1904)
*1902 Coal-mine Maximilian in Werries/Ostwennemar starts mining (first coal output 1907)
*1905 Coal-mine Radbod in Bockum-Hövel starts mining (first coal output 1905)
*1912 Coal-mine Sachsen in Heessen starts mining (first coal output 1914)
*1914 Datteln-Hamm-Canal is completed including the new city port
*1938 The A2(motorway)reaches Hamm
*1939-1945 55 air raids destroy nearly 60% of the old city and leave only a few historical buildings.
*1944 Coal-mine Maximillian closes after several problems with water drainage of the hole mine (completely flooded in 1914).
*1945 First meeting of the city council after the war
*1946 Establishment of the industrial court and the industrial court of appeal by the Allied Control Council.
*1956 Sport airfield founded in the Lippe meadows.
*1965 A1(motorway)reaches Hamm.
*1976 Coal-mine Sachsen closes
*1984 First "Landesgartenschau" (horticultural show of the federal state) of North Rhine-Westphalia is held in Hamm. The old area of the coal-mine Maximillian was used for this purpose. The world greatest Glasselefant is built as main attraction and until today is one of the major landmarks of the city.
*1990 Coal-mine Radbod closes.
*2002 Consecration of the Sri Kamadchi Ampal-Temple
*2005 Establishment of the university of applied sciences "SRH Fachhochschule Hamm"

Population development

Until 1833 any population is an approximation, in later times the population was counted or updated by the local government or other institutions of the government.
valign="top"

Hamm has seven quarters (de: Stadtbezirk), each divided into residential areas like City, which actually means the center of the city around the Pauluschurch or like Hövel-Radbod near the former entrance to the coalmine Radbod in the quarter Bockum-Hövel. The following table shows the situation in 2006.

The former town of Bockum-Hövel today forms the quarter with the largest number of inhabitants, closely followed by the centre of the city "Hamm-Mitte". The latter is the smallest quarter by metric size.

Twin towns

Hamm is currently twinned with:
*flagicon|FRA Neufchâteau, France, since 1967 (originally with the municipality Herringen).
*flagicon|USA Santa Monica, California, since 1969.
*flagicon|UK Bradford, England, since 1976.
*flagicon|USA Chattanooga, Tennessee, since 1977.
*flagicon|MEX Mazatlán, Mexico, since 1978.
*flagicon|FRA Toul, France, since 1987.
*flagicon|DEU Oranienburg, Germany, since 1990.
*flagicon|POL Kalisz, Poland, since 1991.
*flagicon|TUR Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, since 2006.

Miscellaneous

In 2006 Hamm was the first city to accomplish a "Ratsbürgerentscheid" (citizens decision). Subject of the plebiscite was a plan to build a 43 ha city lake (2007-2010) near the city centre. 136,521 citizens were entitled to vote, 57,563 used that possibility and 56.9% refused their approbation for the project. As minimal vote 20% (of the total 136,521 voters) had to decide between one of the possibilities (20% for Yes or 20% for NO). The city council accepted the voting and stopped the plans. This procedure is planned for future projects in NRW.Also in Hamm established was the "Baugerichtstag e. V." a society organizing a congress about the German building law. The congress is held in a two years term.

Health

Several hospital are situated in Hamm. The largest is the Marien Hospital with ist two separate buildings, Marien Hospital I the old building within the centre of the city and Marien Hospital II together 587 beds. Then there is the (EVK Hamm) Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hamm (Protestant Hospital) commbined with the chidrens hospital south of the centre together 493 beds, the St. Barbara Klinik (Clinic) in Heessen with 422 beds and the Malteser Krankenhaus (Hospital) St. Josef in Bockum-Hövel with 260 beds. Additional there are the Klinik für manuelle Therapie (Clinic for manual therapy) within the quarter Bad Hamm (138 beds), the cure district. The Westfälisches Institut Hamm für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und psychotherapie (Westphalian Institute Hamm for Children's- and Youthpsychiatry and psychotherapy) as an Institute of the federal state (158 beds) and the private Klinik (clinic) am Bärenbrunnen. (All Hospitals together have 2058 beds.)Former Hospitals are:
*The BWK Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Hamm (Hospital of the Federal Defence Forces) closed in 2007 after a reform of the German forces.
*The St. Elisabeth Kinderklinik (Children's Hospital combined with the Märkische Kinderklinik and now part of the EVK Hamm as "Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin")
*Märkische Kinderklinik (Children's Hospital combined with the Elisabeth Kinderklinik and now part of the EVK Hamm as "Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin"))
*Knappschaftskrankenhaus ( Hospital operated by the health fund for miners (Bundesknappschaft) now Marien Hospital II)

Education

Hamm has six Gymnasien (grammar schools), two comprehensive schools and several Realschulen, Hauptschulen and Grundschulen (elementary schools). The oldest Gymnasium in Hamm is the Gymnasium Hammonense which was established as academic school (small university) with three faculties in 1657. The school declined in its importance and in 1781 merged with the local Latin school and got reformed by Prussia. The new combined school was humanist Gymnasium. In 1867 the "Märkisches Gymnasium" followed as the second Gymnasium of Hamm, in 1902 the "Freiherr vom Stein Gymnasium", in 1924 the "Beisenkamp Gymnasium" - first as "Oberlyceum" (Gymnasium for girls) - and in 1968 the "Galilei-Gymnasium" were established. Additionally in Schloss Heessen there is a private school including the Gymnasium. Both coprehensive schools in Hamm are younger foundations by the city during school reforms of NRW.Hamm is also well known for its many vocational schools:
*"Friederich List Berufskolleg für Wirtschaft" a trade school
*"Eduard Spranger Berufskolleg für Technik" a vocational school for techniques
*"Elisabeth Lüders Berufskolleg für Sozialwesen, Gesundheit, Hauswirtschaft und Kinderpflege" a vocational school for social welfare, health, home economics and child care ,and several other schools.In 2005 a small private university of applied sciences was established, the "SRH Fachhoschule Hamm".The university of applied sciences started with two study programs ending with degrees of Bachelor and Master of Science for logistic engineering.The "Klinik für Psychatrie und Psychotherapie of the Marienhospital cooperates with the University Witten-Herdecke in eduacation and science.

Industry and economy

Major industrial branches are the coal-mining industry, steel industry, chemical industry and the car component supplier industry.In the last century there were four coal-mines within the urban district. Today the Bergwerk Ost in Herringen is the last operating coal mine with about 3,000 employees.Mannesmann Hoesch Präzisrohr, Westfälische Draht Industrie (WDI) and Böhler Thyssen Welding are the major representatives of the steel industry, the chemical industry is represented by DuPont in Uentrop and the car supplier industry by Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. factory 4 in Bockum-Hövel with about 1000 employees.The energy industry is represented by a RWE coal power plant and a further power plant (Trianel) in Uentrop. A new coal power plant is currently under construction. The THTR-300, also in Uentrop-Schmehhausen, was decommissioned in 1989.Alongside the A2, in the southern part of the urban district, a new business park inhabits the growing logistic business.Hamm is also know as "City of Law" (Stadt des Rechts) because of the greatest German regional appeal court (Oberlandesgericht), the local court (Amtsgericht), the industrial court (Arbeitgericht) and the industrial appeal court (Landesarbeitsgericht). The Chamber of Notaries and bar association of the regional appeal court Hamm and the courts are of greater influence on the appearance of the city.Several hospitals in the urban district are also important employers, for example the EVK Hamm has about 1000 employees.

Media

The only daily newspaper of Hamm printed there, is the "Westfälischer Anzeiger". At first, a weekly, newspaper in Hamm was the "Kreis Hammsches Wochenblatt" founded by Heinich Jakob Grote in 1822. Its name was changed in 1848 to "Westfälischer Anzeiger". A second newspaper appeared, founded by the Thiemann family, the "Westfälische Kurier". Both co-existed until the end of the Second World War. After the War both newspapers were combined and named "Westfälischer Anzeiger und Kurier". In the 1960s another name-change made the "Westfälischer Anzeiger". This newspaper is the mantle of several smaller regional newspapers, together they had a total 153,428 copies in 2004. In the 1970s the "Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung" unsuccessfully tried to establish its own daily newspaper. Two weekly newspapers appear in Hamm the "Stadtanzeiger" from the "Westfälischer Anzeiger" with a total of 384.000 copies and the Sonntags-Rundblick by a medium sized local company.Since 1990 the local radio station "Radio Lippewelle Hamm" is On Air and number one radio station of the local radios in NRW. On the 3rd October 1993 the "Offener Kanal Hamm" started broadcasting, it is a small TV project by people for the people, started through the federal state.

Transport

Roads

Hamm is linked to three motorways. The Bundesautobahn 1 (BAB 1 or A1, Puttgarden-Saarbrücken) named Hansaline with two connections No.81 and 82., the (BAB 2 or A2, Oberhausen-Berlin) with three connctions No.17,18 and 19 and the A445 (Hamm-Arnsberg) which is connected by the B63 until the planned construction between Hamm and Werl is completed. The Kamener Kreuz is situated in the southwest of Hamm. Two "federal roads" (Bundesstrassen) the B61 and B63 intersect in the city centre. Several state roads (Landesstrassen) are connecting Hamm with its neighbouring towns and municipalities.

Railways

Hamm has three stations, the main railway station Hamm (Westfalen) and two minor stations, one in Bockum-Hövel and the other one in Heessen. The main station is one of the biggest railway hubs in Germany, and connected with one of the greatest marshalling yards of Europe, the latter now only partly operating. Notable is the railway station for its Art deco and Gründerzeit inspired building styles. Hamm is connected to the rail since May 2, 1847.

Buses

The city bus net Hamm is served by the "Stadtwerke Hamm", with 65 buses, and the "Verkehrsgesellschaft Breitenbach". A regional bus service is served by different companies and both nets serve the central bus station, which is situated in front of the main railway station in the centre of Hamm. Hamm is part of the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Ruhr-Lippe. About 12 million people are using the bus net every year, transported by 50 bus lines with 500 bus stops within the city.

Canal

Hamm is the end of the "Datteln-Hamm-Kanal", three ports are situated in the urban district.The city port, the canal end port Uentrop, and the port of "Gersteinwerk". The ports of Hamm are the second biggest canal port by freight transact, 1,4 millions tons a year by ships and 0,5 million tons by train. The city port allowes for ships up to 110 meters length 11,45 meters width and 2,7 meters draft. It is linked with the railway by a track to the near main railway station and the marshaling yard.

Airfield and Airports

Near city centre, in the meadows of the River Lippe, the sport airfield Hamm is situated. Its runway is 900 m long and 30 m wide. The airfield is operated by the Luftsportclub Hamm e. V..Hamm is situated in the middle of a triangle of three smaller International Airports, in the north the Münster Osnabrück International Airport (FMO) in the south-west Dortmund Airport and in the east Paderborn Lippstadt Airport.The nearest greater International Airport is Düsseldorf International Airport.

Notable Citizens

*1770, 5 April, Rulemann Friedrich Eylert, Reverend of the Reformed Church in Hamm, ev. Bishop in Potsdam
*1824, 13 April, Friedrich Kapp, German-American attorney, author and politician
*1868, 24 October, Gustav Lübcke, bookbinder, merchant, art collector and director of the Museum Hamm (later named after him)
*1882, 18 January, Anna Siemsen, educationalist and politician
*1884, 5 July, August Siemsen, educationalist and politician
*1891, 27 March, Hans Siemsen, journalist and author
*1900, 9 July, Hermann Freytag, Lord mayor of Duisburg (NSDAP)
*1902, 2 June, Joachim von Elbe, jurist, member of legal department of the US military government in Germany after the Second World War.
*1903, 5 February, Fritz Everding, naturalistic painter and graphic artist
*1906, 19 May, Gerd Bucerius, publisher („Die Zeit“ ab 1959) and publicist (founder of the publishing house Gruner und Jahr GmbH & Co.)
*1907, 13 March, Ludwig Biermann, physicist
*1907, 21 March, Josef Veldtrup, educationalist and poet
*1923, 16 March, Heinz Wallberg, conductor
*1926, 21 February, Karl Otto Conrady, literary scientists, publisher, lyric poet („Der Neue Conrady. Das große deutsche Gedichtbuch“)
*1927, 15 March, Hanns Joachim Friedrichs, TV-Journalist und moderator („Tagesthemen“)
*1927, 17 October, Friedrich Hirzebruch, mathematician, founder and first director of the Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in Bonn
*1930, 16 August, Manfred Schulte, politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag (MdB)
*1941, 21 October, Gerhard Schmitt-Thiel, moderator, author and journalist
*1948, 22 March, Bernard Dietz, named „Ennatz“ , footballer
*1951, 17 April, Horst Hrubesch, footballer
*1953, 23 March, Josef Kaczor, named „Jupp“, footballer
*1956, 7 January, Leonard Lansink, actor („Wilsberg (TV-Series)“)
*1957, 24 January, Klaus Fiehe, musician und radio presenter
*1958, 17 April, Ralf Wosik, table tennis player
*1960, 7 February, Klaus J. Behrendt, actor ("Tatort-Kommissar Max Ballauf")
*1960, 13 June, Christoph Oertel, filmcomposer und sounddesigner
*1960, 1 September, Joachim Masannek, author und director of "Die Wilden Kerle"
*1964, 29 March, Andreas Obering (Der OBeL), actor („Das Wunder von Bern“), comedian
*1964, 16 June, Michael Lusch, footballer
*1964, 4 December, Uwe Kröger, musical actor
*1965, 1 December, Till Hoheneder (Till), former Till&Obel, comedian und musician
*1978, 8. October, Torben Wosik, table tennis player
*1983, 5. November, Mike Hanke, footballer for Hannover 96

External links

* [http://www.hamm.de The official site for Hamm, in German]

Literature

* Anneliese Beeck: "Hamm, Die 50er Jahre im Bild." Prolibris-Verlag, Kassel 2000, ISBN 3-935263-01-5
* Anneliese Beeck: "So entstand das neue Hamm: Kriegsende und Wiederaufbau." Griebsch, Hamm 1992, ISBN 3-924966-03-6
* Anneliese Beeck: "Es ging aufwärts in Hamm 1949–1955." Westfälischer Anzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamm 1997, ISBN 3-924966-13-3
* Anneliese Beeck: "Auf dem Weg zur Großstadt Hamm: 1956–1975." Westfälischer Anzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, Hamm 2001, ISBN 3-924966-30-3
* M [oritz] F [riedrich] Essellen: "Beschreibung und kurze Geschichte des Kreises Hamm und der einzelnen Ortschaften in demselben", Hamm 1985 (unveränderter Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1851), ISBN 3-923846-07-X
* Walther Hubatsch (Hrsg.): "Grundriss zur deutschen Verwaltungsgeschichte 1815–1945, Band 8: Westfalen." Johann-Gottfried-Herder-Institut, Marburg 1980
* Erich Keyser (Hrsg.): "Westfälisches Städtebuch." Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1954
* Magistrat der Stadt Hamm (Westf.) (Hrsg.): "700 Jahre Stadt Hamm (Westf.). Festschrift zur Erinnerung an das 700jährige Bestehen der Stadt Hamm (Westf.)." Stein, Werl 1973 (unveränderter Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1927), ISBN 3-9209-8008-5
* Meinold Markus: "Bahnhof Hamm (Westf). Die Geschichte eines Eisenbahnknotens." Hövelhof: DGEG Medien GmbH 2004, ISBN 3-937189-07-6.
* Alfred Overmann (bearb.): "Die Stadtrechte der Grafschaft Mark, 2. Hamm." Aschendorffsche Buchhandlung, Münster 1903 (= "Veröffentlichungen der historischen Kommission für Westfalen. Rechtsquellen. Westfälische Stadtrechte I")
* Eduard Raabe: "Geschichte van diär Stadt Hamm", 2 Bände, Leipzig 1903
* Wilhelm Ribhegge (Hrsg.) u. a.: "Geschichte der Stadt und Region Hamm im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert." Patmos Verlag, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-491-34228-7
* Wilhelm Ribhegge: "Die Grafen von der Mark und die Geschichte der Stadt Hamm im Mittelalter", Ardey Verlag, Münster 2000
* "Westfälischer Städteatlas;" Band: I; 7 Teilband. Im Auftrage der Historischen Kommission für Westfalen und mit Unterstützung des Landschaftsverbandes Westfalen-Lippe, hrsg. von Heinz Stoob † und Wilfried Ehbrecht. Stadtmappe Hamm, Author: Heinz Stoob. ISBN 3-89115-334-1; Dortmund-Altenbeken, 1975.
* Jerrentrup - Peter - Feußner: "Alte Kirchen in Hamm", Westfälischer Anzeiger Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999, ISBN 3-924966-23-0
* Jahrbuch der Stadt Hamm 2005, Online Version