Rat Pack

The Rat Pack was a group of popular entertainers most active between the mid-1950s and mid-1960s. Its most famous line-up featured Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop, who appeared together on stage in films in the early-1960s, including the movie "Ocean's Eleven". [ [http://www.library.unlv.edu/speccol/dino/ratpack.html UNLV Libraries, The Rat Pack, retrieved May 2, 2007] ] Despite its reputation as a masculine group, the Rat Pack did have female participants, including movie icons Shirley MacLaine, Lauren Bacall, Angie Dickinson, Marilyn Monroe, and Judy Garland.

The fifties Rat Pack

The name "Rat Pack" was first used to refer to a group of friends in Hollywood informally organized around Humphrey Bogart and including the young Frank Sinatra.Fact|date=February 2008 Several explanations have been offered for the famous name over the years. According to one version, the group's original "Den Mother," Lauren Bacall, after seeing her husband and his friends return from a night in Las Vegas, said words to the effect of "You look like a goddamn rat pack."Fact|date=February 2008 "Rat Pack" may also be a shortened version of "Holmby Hills Rat Pack," a reference to the home of Judy Garland and husband Sid Luft, which served as a regular hangout.Fact|date=February 2008

The name may also refer to the belief that an established pack of rats will belligerently reject an outsider who tries to join them.Fact|date=February 2008 Garland's daughter Lorna Luft tells the story that a certain gossip columnist (probably Hedda Hopper or Louella Parsons) wanted to be invited to the group's parties. The group didn't want their private parties becoming the subject of the writer's next column, and so the columnist was never invited. Later, she was said to have written about "that rat pack in Holmby Hills" which Garland found incredibly funny.Fact|date=February 2008 Garland later had stick pins made for the group in the shape of rats with rubies for eyes.Fact|date=February 2008 Thus, the "Rat Pack" was born. So called "visiting members" included Errol Flynn, Mickey Rooney and Caesar Romero.

According to Stephen Bogart, the original members of the "Holmby Hills Rat Pack" were Sinatra (pack master), Garland (first vice-president), Bacall (den mother), Luft (cage master), Bogart (rat in charge of public relations), Swifty Lazar (recording secretary and treasurer), Nathaniel Benchley (historian), David Niven, Katharine Hepburn, Spencer Tracy, George Cukor, Cary Grant, and Jimmy Van Heusen.Fact|date=February 2008 In his autobiography "The Moon's a Balloon", Niven confirms that the Rat Pack originally included him but not Sammy Davis Jr. or Dean Martin.

The sixties Rat Pack

The 1960s version of the group included Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr., Joey Bishop, Peter Lawford, and for a brief stint, Norman Fell. Marilyn Monroe, Angie Dickinson, Juliet Prowse, and Shirley MacLaine were often referred to as the "Rat Pack Mascots", a title which reportedly made these ladies feel like "one of the boys". The post-Bogart version of the group was reportedly never called that name by any of its members — they called it the Summit or the Clan. "The Rat Pack" was a term used by journalists and outsiders, although it remains the lasting name for the group.

Lawford was a brother-in-law of John F. Kennedy, and the group played a role in campaigning for him and the Democrats. Sinatra expected that he would be part of Kennedy's circle after the election but was excluded, which in turn led to Peter Lawford's exclusion from the group after 1962. Lawford's role in "Robin and the Seven Hoods" was given to Bing Crosby and spiced up with several songs. (It wasn't the first time Sinatra had treated a Rat Packer that way; Davis's role in "Never So Few" was given to Steve McQueen when Sinatra and Davis had a temporary falling-out.)

The Rat Pack often performed in Las Vegas, Nevada, and were instrumental in the rise of Las Vegas as a popular entertainment destination. They played an important role in the desegregation of Las Vegas hotels and casinos in the early 1960s. Sinatra and the others would refuse to play in or patronize those establishments that would not give full service to African American entertainers including Davis. Once Rat Pack appearances became popular and the subject of media attention, the Las Vegas properties were forced to abandon segregation-based policies.

Sinatra and friends had no idea this band of five would make entertainment history. The group was remarkable for its upbeat entertainment style and smooth musical and comedy routines, many of which were ad-libbed. Davis said when Sinatra called the initial gathering of the Rat Pack, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, French President Charles de Gaulle, and Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev were planning a Paris Summit Conference. Not to be outdone, Sinatra observed, "We'll have our own little Summit meeting." The Vegas Summit did not draw diplomats, but it did draw high rollers, VIPs, celebrities, and entertainment buffs, who responded by the thousands.

Often, when one of the members was scheduled to give a performance, the rest of the Pack would show up for an impromptu show, causing much excitement amongst audiences resulting in return visits. They sold out almost all of their appearances, and people would come pouring into Las Vegas, sometimes sleeping in cars and hotel lobbies when they could not find rooms, just to be part of the Rat Pack's entertainment experience. The marquees of the hotels at which they were performing as individuals would read, for example, "DEAN MARTIN - MAYBE FRANK - MAYBE SAMMY." Fact|date=May 2008

Although the Rat Pack members remained close (with the exception of Peter Lawford), the Rat Pack began to fade in popularity with the rise of the 1960s counterculture, which sent their form of sophisticated "Establishment" entertainment into decline. While its individual members remained hugely popular with the public, the Rat Pack, as such, had ceased to exist by the end of the 1960s.

Martin and Davis appeared together in the movie "Cannonball Run", and later were joined by Sinatra in the movie "Cannonball Run II". This would be the last time that the three would appear in a movie together. (Shirley MacLaine also appears in the latter film.)

Peter Lawford died on December 24 1984 of cardiac arrest complicated by kidney and liver failure, at the age of 61. Sammy Davis, Jr. died at the age of 64 on May 16 1990, of complications from throat cancer. Dean Martin died at home on Christmas morning 1995, aged 78. Frank Sinatra died on May 14 1998, at the age of 82. Joey Bishop, the last surviving and longest-lived (89) male Rat Pack member, died on October 17 2007.

Revival

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"The Rat Pack" was a 1998 TV movie about the group. The movie featured Ray Liotta as Frank Sinatra, Joe Mantegna as Dean Martin, Don Cheadle as Sammy Davis, Jr., Bobby Slayton as Joey Bishop, Angus Macfadyen as Peter Lawford, and William Petersen as John F. Kennedy.

The production of the film was part of a "Rat Pack Revival." Currently, Rat Pack movies, recordings, and filmed performances are again popular. This reinvigorated popularity led to a remake of "Ocean's Eleven" starring George Clooney, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon, Don Cheadle, Andy Garcia, Julia Roberts, Bernie Mac, and Carl Reiner, and a sequel, "Ocean's Twelve", with the same cast as well as Catherine Zeta Jones. "Ocean's Thirteen", a second sequel, features the original cast (except Roberts and Zeta Jones) as well as Ellen Barkin and Al Pacino.

Legacy

Interest in the "Sin City" era of Las Vegas has spawned a number of Rat Pack "tribute" acts, which feature celebrity impersonators performing on stage with musical accompaniment. One such show, "The Rat Pack Is Back: The Tribute to Frank, Sammy, Joey and Dean", performs nightly at the Plaza Hotel and Casino Plaza Theater in Las Vegas.

Concerning the group's reputation for womanizing and heavy drinking, Joey Bishop stated in a 1998 interview: "I never saw Frank, Dean, Sammy or Peter drunk during performances. That was only a gag! And do you believe these guys had to chase broads? They had to chase 'em away! [ [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,139509,00.html time.com] ndash And Then There Was One]

The "Family Guy" episode 4ACX21. "Brian Sings and Swings", the Frank Sinatra, Jr./Brian Griffin/Stewie Griffin ensemble is called "The New Rat Pack", in homage to the original group.

Rat Pack films

* "Some Came Running" (1958) (Sinatra, Martin, MacLaine)
* "Ocean's Eleven" (1960) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis, Lawford, Bishop)
* "Sergeants 3" (1962) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis, Lawford, Bishop)
* "4 for Texas" (1963) (Sinatra, Martin)
* "Robin and the Seven Hoods" (1964) (Sinatra, Martin, Davis)
* "Marriage on the Rocks" (1965) (Sinatra, Martin)
* "Texas Across the River" (1966) (Martin, Bishop)

Martin and Davis also had roles in "The Cannonball Run", and Sinatra joined them in "Cannonball Run II", as did Shirley MacLaine.

MacLaine also had a major supporting role and Sinatra a cameo in the 1956 Oscar-winning film "Around the World in Eighty Days". MacLaine played a Hindu princess who is rescued by, and falls in love with, David Niven, and Sinatra had a non-speaking, non-singing role as a piano player in a saloon, whose identity is concealed from the viewer until he turns his face toward the camera.

Live concert albums

* 1999 "Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis, Jr. - The Summit in Concert 1962"
* 2001 "The Rat Pack Live at the Sands"
* 2003 "A Night on the Town With the Rat Pack"
* 2003 "The Ultimate Rat Pack Collection: Live & Swingin"'
* 2004 "The Rat Pack on Stage: Las Vegas/St. Louis"

Members

See also

* Brat Pack - 1980s
* Frat Pack - 1990s & 2000s
* Typecasting
* Liberal Party of Canada Rat Pack

References

Bibliography

* cite book | author=Levy, S. | year=1998 | title=Rat Pack Confidential | publisher=Fourth Estate | location=London | id=ISBN 1-84115-001-0