Lillesand

Infobox_Kommune
name = Lillesand
idnumber = 0926
county = Aust-Agder
landscape = Sørlandet
capital = Lillesand
demonym = Lillesandar
Lillesander
language = Bokmål


munwebpage = www.lillesand.kommune.no
governor = Arne Thomassen (H)
governor_as_of = 2004
arearank = 335
area = 190
arealand = 180
areapercent = 0.06
population_as_of = 2004
populationrank = 117
population = 8,952
populationpercent = 0.20
populationdensity = 50
populationincrease = 6.9
lat_deg = 58 | lat_min = 14 | lat_sec = 49 | lon_deg = 8 | lon_min = 19 | lon_sec = 1
utm_zone = 32V | utm_northing = 6456427 | utm_easting = 0459908 | geo_cat = adm2nd

Audio|Lillesand.ogg|Lillesand is a town and municipality in the county of Aust-Agder, Norway. The town of Lillesand was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The rural municipalities of Høvåg and Vestre Moland were merged with Lillesand on 1 January 1962.

General information

Name

The Old Norse form of the name was just "Sandr" which means "sand beach". The first element "lille" which means "little" was added after the founding of Kristiansand in 1641 to distinguish it from the greater and more important one.

Coat-of-arms

The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted in 1987. The arms show three anchors on a blue background, which symbolizes the connection that the municipality has with the sea. [cite web|url=http://www.lillesand.org/page.php?p=135|title=Om Lillesand|accessdate=2008-10-04 no icon] see also|Narvik|Nøtterøy

Geography

Lillesand is bordered on the north by Birkenes municipality and up the coast to the east by Grimstad municipality in Aust-Adger. Down the coast to the west it is bordered by Kristiansand municipality in Vest-Agder county. The town belongs to the geographical region of Sørlandet. The village of Brekkestø is a part of the municipality of Lillesand.

Recreation

The Norwegian National Park Skjærgårdsparken lies between Risør and Lillesand. Skjærgårdsparken is a paradise of islands, skerries, and rocks.

The Blindleia is an inland waterway that starts in "Gamle Hellesund" in "Høvåg" near Kristiansand in southern Norway, and continues past Lillesand. It is a salt water passage protected from the open sea by the offshore archipelago.

Navigation through the Blindleia passage requires attention to detail, but is not difficult as there are no tides, and very little current. The minimal tidal change in the skerries is due to its geographical location; the tidal flow that comes in from the Atlantic splits on the British Isles. One tidal stream goes through the English Channel, while the other goes around the north of the British Isles. The stream of the English Channel reaches the coast of Norway before the wave traveling around the British Islands. These two tidal “waves” are completely out of phase when they meet here, neutralizing the tidal effect.

History

Sanden, which consisted of the small area near the harbor, was the original name for the municipality of Lillesand.

Lillesand is built on the ancient estate of Lofthus, and the rebel Christian Lofthus was captured on this estate around 1780.

In 1821, when Lillesand became a privileged port, it had a population of only 300 and had nine shipyards.

Lillesand Church, consecrated in 1889, stands on a hill at Kirkeheia. It is in the Gothic Revival/Swiss style.

By 1895 the merchant fleet was 95 vessels strong. But the death of the sailing ship caused severe economic difficulties for Lillesand. Sailing ships had been inexpensive and could be built from local timber. Steamers were built of steel, were expensive and required more capital than locals could muster. Shipyards were closed. Many of the residents emigrated from there to the United States.

Lillesand remained a fishing village, though even this occupation suffered as the herring left the coast.

The Saltholmen lighthouse, located on an island off Lillesand, is a nineteenth century lighthouse with a slate roof and a concrete tower for the light. It operated as a manned lighthouse from 1882 to 1952. Saltholmen ("Salty Islet") is named after the salt extraction industry once there, established by Hans Nielsen Hauge.

The Lillesand-Flaksvandbanen operated between Lillesand and Flaksvann from 1896 to 1953.

The Orzeł, a Polish submarine sank the German troop transport "Rio de Janeiro" on 8 April 1940 off Lillesand. The Rio de Janeiro was on its way to take part in the initial landings of Operation Weserübung, the invasion of Norway.

Famous residents

*In 1918, Knut Hamsun bought Nørholm, an old and somewhat dilapidated manor house between Lillesand and Grimstad. Knut Hamsun lived and wrote at Nørholm until he died there in 1952.
*One of Norway's most popular rock bands Heroes & Zeros are from Lillesand.

ister Cities

Lillesand has four sister cities in Scandinavia:
* Kalundborg, Denmark
* Nynäshamn, Sweden
* Kimito, Finland
* Eyrabakki, Iceland

References

External links

* [http://www.lillesand.com/ Lillesand.com (Tourist information)]
* [http://kart.kristiansand.kommune.no/GISLINEWebInnsyn/Map.aspx?knr=0926&xmin=8000&xmax=40000&ymin=-5000&ymax=-10000 Chart of Lillesand] no icon
* [http://www.sjohistorie.no/index_html/alt_frontpage_view?distrikt=lillesand The Sailors of Lillesand] no icon