p-y method

The p-y method is a method of analyzing the ability of deep foundations to resist loads applied in the lateral direction. This method uses the finite element method and p-y graphs to find a solution. P-y graphs are graphs which relate the force applied to soil to the lateral deflection of the soil. In essence, non-linear springs are attached to the foundation in place of the soil. The springs can be represented by the following equation:

p = ky

where k is the non-linear spring stiffness defined by the p-y curve, y is the deflection of the spring, and p is the force applied to the spring.

The p-y curves vary depending on soil type.

References

• Salgado, R. (2007). "The Engineering of Foundations." McGraw-Hill, in press. (1)