Windowed envelope

US Patent 701,839 for a windowed envelope

Modern envelope with a single window for the recipient address

A windowed envelope is a conventional envelope with a plastic window to allow the recipient's address to be printed on the paper contained within.

History

Americus F. Callahan of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, received the first patent for a windowed envelope on 10 June 1902. Originally called the "outlook envelop", the patent initially anticipated using thin rice paper as the transparent material forming the window, though this material has since been replaced by clear plastics. The design has otherwise remained nearly unchanged.^[1]

The design and patent letter were completed on 15 November 1901, with the patent filing occurring on 9 December 1901. The United States patent number for Callahan's design is 701,839.^[2]

The window permits text on the letter itself to be used simultaneously as the address of the recipient and the return-address of the sender, reducing the need to print the addresses onto the envelope itself, which at the time of Callahan's invention was done with the aid of a typewriter. This arguably amounts to a savings in materials, particularly through the reduction in ink usage; but on the other hand the window (or "patch" as it is known in the envelope manufacturing industry)has to be cut out and replaced by an additional material(nowadays glassine)more expensive than paper. There is also the argument that the paper of the envelope can be substituted with lesser-quality paper as the envelope no longer must be written upon.;^[2] this perhaps was more relevant at the time of Callahan's invention but is a somewhat specious claim today. Over time the quality of paper generally has improved. Satisfactorily-strong envelopes for business and general-purpose domestic correspondence can be, and are,in fact made out of paper of various qualities. In Britain by the 1940s, during World War 2, envelopes were made out of newspaper because of the paper shortage.

Callahan specifically recommended the use of Manila paper, which is considerably cheaper than thicker writing paper and also provides an opaque background for secure covering of the letter within. Callahan also recommends the use of black paper, which would likewise provide an opaque background whilst simultaneously increasing the contrast with the white address blocks.^[2]

Additional savings can be achieved by removing the time spent inscribing additional addresses upon the envelope. At the time, large business offices—particularly within the telegram industry—employed corps of envelope addressers who wrote the addresses upon envelopes. In addition to the labor costs, this method was prone to mismatches, where the address on the letter header within would not be the same as the address upon the envelope.^[2]

Owing to the benefits in both time, cost, and quality, the windowed envelope design has become nearly ubiquitous among modern commercial mailings.^[3]

References

1. ^ "Today in Technology History: June 10". Center for the Study of Technology and Society. tecsoc.org. Archived from the original on 2007-07-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20070711205647/http://www.tecsoc.org/pubs/history/2002/jun10.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-05. 
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "US Patent 701,839". United States Patent and Trademark Office. google.com. http://www.google.com/patents?id=woxXAAAAEBAJ&dq=701,839. Retrieved 2007-06-05. 
3. ^ "US Census Bureau: Profile America". United States Census Bureau. Public Information Office. http://www.census.gov/pubinfo/www/radio/pa0610.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-05.