- Old Gate (Speyer)
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View from west
The Old Gate (Altpoertel) is the medieval west city gate of Speyer. One of an original total of 68 towers in the old walls and gates. Today it is one of the largest (55 meters high) and most architecturally significant of the remaining city gates in Germany.
Contents
History
View from southThe Old Gate was built between 1230 and 1250 on the ruins of a previous tower. The bottom of the 13th century tower remains as the foundation but, in 1511, Speyer's mayor ordered that the tower be rebuilt, so the top portion is newer. It was completed in 1514. It was originally built as an exterior gate, connecting the old town with the suburb of St.Gilgenvorstadt. A 20-meter high roof was added in 1708.
The tower narrowly survived the destruction of Speyer in 1689, during the War of the Grand Alliance. French troops had placed explosives in the tower and were preparing to demolish it when the Prior of the nearby Carmelite monastery warned Marshal Duras that the tower's collapse might endanger the monastery and Duras' headquarters, which had been established nearby. When Duras responded that his soldiers knew how to demolish the building without danger, the entire Carmelite community knelt in front of the French troops with their burning firebrands, to plead for the tower to be spared. "Our monastery is old and weak," the Prior pled with Duras. "If the towers fall, ... the rotten walls ... would be rocked from the enormous mass of falling stones, and therefore collapse. So please have compassion and spare the tower." After pondering for a few minutes, the Marshal commanded the Carmelites to rise. "Stand up children, the tower shall stand."[citation needed] While the Old Gate was spared, the city of Speyer and the cathedral were left in a heap of rubble.
Significance
Boulevard
WestsideThe old gate was constructed to mark the end of a "Via Triumphalis" that led from the cathedral to the city walls. On major religious occasions, the Emperor and his court would enter the city through the gate and proceed along this roadway (25 to 30 meters wide, and 700 meters long) to the cathedral.
For security reasons, the only openings on the gate's west side are two rows of embrasures. The eastern side is more finely crafted. Above the gate's archway, there is a walkway around the tower. From that walkway, it's possible to see ten stone brackets that project from the wall itself; these once connected the gate to the walls on the north and south sides of the Old Gate.
Calibration Shoe of Speyer
Until the beginning of the 19th century, Speyer had its own method of measuring length and size (mass). On the northern side of the passage through the Old Gate hangs an iron bar, known as the "Calibration Shoe of Speyer" (Speyerer Werkschuh). This 28.899 centimeter-long bar, subdivided into 12 inches, was available for any merchant in Speyer to use. Between 1772 and 1773, Senator Johannes Becker[who?] used it to measure the size of the city, including the four communities outside the walls.
External links
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
