Oesophageal pouch

Oesophageal pouch

The oesophageal pouches (also known as sugar glands)[1] are a pair of pouches connected to the oesophagus of all molluscs, and represent a synapomorphy of the phylum.[2]

Contents

Morphology

Usually forming a pair of lateral structures, they take various forms, but usually account for a fair portion of the anterior volume of the creeping molluscs and scaphopods.[3][4][5][6][7] There is a single pouch ventral to the rear of the radula in some nudibranchs.[6] The pouches are lines with ciliated secretory cells.[8]

Function

The pouches contain digestive enzymes that break down starch and other polysaccharides,[1] and also extrude mucus.[6]

Occurrence

The features are considered ancestral to molluscs,[2] but have been secondarily lost in the Heterobranchia.[9] However, it is not certain that all oesophageal diverticulae are homologous.[10][11]

References

  1. ^ a b STONE AND MORTON. "THE DISTRIBUTION OF CELLULASES AND RELATED ENZYMES IN MOLLUSCA". J. Mollus. Stud. (1958) 33 (3): 127-141. http://mollus.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/3/127.full.pdf. 
  2. ^ a b Sturm, Charles F; Pearce, Timothy A; Valdés, ÁNgel (2006-07). The mollusks: a guide to their study, collection, and preservation. ISBN 9781581129304. http://books.google.ca/books?id=-NbmHx93s8gC&pg=PA2. 
  3. ^ Haszprunar, G. (1987). "Anatomy and affinities of cocculinid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda)". Zoologica Scripta 16 (4): 305–324. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00077.x.  edit
  4. ^ Haszprunar, G. (1989). "The Anatomy of Melanodrymia aurantiaca Hickman, a Coiled Archaeogastropod from the East Pacific Hydrothermal Vents (Mollusca, Gastropoda)". Acta Zoologica 70 (3): 175–186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1989.tb01068.x.  edit
  5. ^ Ruthensteiner, B.; Schropel, V.; Haszprunar, G. (2010). "Anatomy and affinities of Micropilina minuta Warén, 1989 (Monoplacophora: Micropilinidae)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76 (4): 323–332. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq013.  edit
  6. ^ a b c Crampton, D. M. (2010). "Functional anatomy of the buccal apparatus of Onchidoris bilamellata (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia)". The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 34: 45. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1977.tb00372.x.  edit
  7. ^ Urgorri, V.; García-Álvarez, O.; Luque, . (2005). "Laevipilina Cachuchensis, A New Neopilinid (Mollusca: Tryblidia) from off North Spain". Journal Molluscan Studies 71: 59–66. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyi008.  edit
  8. ^ Morton, J. E. (2009). "The habits and feeding organs of Dentalium entalis". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 38 (02): 225. doi:10.1017/S0025315400006032.  edit
  9. ^ Ponder, W. F. (1991). "MARINE VALVATOIDEAN GASTROPODS—IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY HETEROBRANCH PHYLOGENY". Journal of Molluscan Studies 57: 21. doi:10.1093/mollus/57.1.21.  edit
  10. ^ Lobo-Da-Cunha, A.; Oliveira, E.; Alves, Â.; Coelho, R.; Calado, G. (2010). "Light and electron microscopic study of the anterior oesophagus ofBulla striata(Mollusca, Opisthobranchia)". Acta Zoologica 91 (2): 125–138. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6395.2009.00392.x.  edit
  11. ^ Malacologia 37: 375–442. 1996. 

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