High mobility group protein HMG14 and HMG17

HMG14 and HMG17
Identifiers
Symbol	HMG14_17
Pfam	PF01101
InterPro	IPR000079
PROSITE	PDOC00307
Available protein structures: Pfam structures PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe PDBsum structure summary

High mobility group protein HMG14 and HMG17 also known as nucleosomal binding domain is a family of evolutionarily related proteins.

High mobility group (HMG) proteins constitute a family of relatively low molecular weight non-histone components in chromatin. HMG14 and HMG17 are highly-similar proteins of about 100 amino acid residues; the sequence of chicken HMG14 is almost as similar to chicken HMG17 as it is to mammalian HMG14 polypeptides.^[1] The proteins bind to the inner side of the nucleosomal DNA, altering the interaction between the DNA and the histone octamer. It is thought that they may be involved in the process that confers specific chromatin conformations to transcribable regions in the genome.^[2]

The SMART signature describes a nucleosomal binding domain, which facilitates binding of proteins to nucleosomes in chromatin. The domain is most commonly found in the high mobility group (HMG) proteins, HMG14 and HMG17, however, it is also found in other proteins which bind to nucleosomes, e.g. NBP-45. NBP-45 is a nucleosomal binding protein, first identified in mice,^[3] which is related to HMG14 and HMG17. NBP-45 binds specifically to nucleosome core particles, and can function as a transcriptional activator. These findings led to the suggestion that this domain, common to NBP-45, HMG14 and HMG17 is responsible for binding of the proteins to nucleosomes in chromatin.

Examples

Human proteins containing this domain include:

• HMGN1; HMGN2; HMGN3; HMGN4; HMGN2L;
• NSBP1; TRMT5;

References

1. ^ Dodgson JB, Browne DL, Black AJ (1988). "Chicken chromosomal protein HMG-14 and HMG-17 cDNA clones: isolation, characterization and sequence comparison". Gene 63 (2): 287–295. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90532-X. PMID 3384337. 
2. ^ Gonzalez FJ, Bustin M, Landsman D, Soares N (1986). "Chromosomal protein HMG-17. Complete human cDNA sequence and evidence for a multigene family". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (16): 7479–7484. PMID 3754870. 
3. ^ Bustin M, Landsman D, Shirakawa H, Postnikov YV (2000). "NBP-45, a novel nucleosomal binding protein with a tissue-specific and developmentally regulated expression". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (9): 6368–6374. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6368. PMID 10692437. 

This article includes text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro IPR000079