- Northern Mongoloid
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Northern Mongoloid populations are a subgroup of Mongoloid populations, distinguished by older criteria like appearance and craniology, or dental patterns.
In Cavalli-Sforza's genetic clustering work (1988) South Chinese join Southeast Asians in genetic clustering while the North Chinese genetically cluster with Koreans, Japanese, Ainu, Bhutanese and Tibetans. Xiao and Cavalli-Sforza (2000) find the boundary between Northern and Southern Mongoloids to approximate the Yangtze River, and suggest that their ancestors arrived from Africa via separate routes. Principal component analysis of gene frequencies of Chinese populations
Other scientists have suggested that the finding of sharp genetic differences between North and South China is an artifact of using an insufficient number of samples. However, Xiao and Cavalli-Sforza (2000) used a larger number of samples than previous studies.
Modern biological evidence from the anthropological textbook Human Species (2003) contradicts earlier theories of which groups were more genetically related to other groups. The Human Species(2003) and Physical Anthropology used the genetic clustering of Cavalli-Sforza (2000) in their publication. More interestingly, Asians have very local genetic clusters inside these regions, implying different Asian ethnic groups have not historically intermarried with each other. Examples of localized genetic clusters include Japan, Korea, Mongolia and China which form separate genetic clusters from each other.[1][2]
More modern evidence based on genetic studies suggests that East Asians indeed cluster together with respect to Caucasians.[3] A "North-South" East Asian divide also appears to be supported within this group, located at the Yangtze river.[4]
Footnotes
- ^ John Relethford, The Human Species: An introduction to Biological Anthropology, 5th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003).
- ^ Philip L. Stein and Bruce M. Rowe, Physical Anthropology, 8th ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1996)
- ^ "Mapping Human Genetic Diversity in Asia", (2009), from the Human Genome Organisation Pan-Asian SNP Consortium
- ^ "Genetic Structure of the Han Chinese Population Revealed by Genome-wide SNP Variation", (2009), Chen et al.
See also
- Southern Mongoloid
- Out of Africa hypothesis
- Sinodont
- Sundadont
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