Mummering

Mummering is a Christmastime house-visiting tradition in Newfoundland and Labrador. Also known as mumming or janneying, it typically involves a group of friends or family who dress in disguise and visit homes within their community or neighbouring communities during the twelve days of Christmas. If the mummers are welcomed into a house, they often do a variety of informal performances that may include dance, music, jokes, or recitations. The hosts must guess the mummers’ identities before offering them food or drink. They may poke and prod the mummers or ask them questions. To make this a challenge for the hosts, the mummers may stuff their costumes, cross-dress, or speak while inhaling (ingressive speech).^[1] Once the mummers have been identified they remove their disguise, spend some social time with the hosts, and then travel as a group to the next home.

History and Revivals

An old Christmas custom from England, mummering in a version of its modern form can be traced back in Newfoundland into the 19th century. Although it is unclear precisely when this tradition was brought to Newfoundland by the English, the earliest record dates back to 1819.^[2] The tradition varied, and continues to vary, from community to community. Some formal aspects of the tradition, such as the mummers play have largely died out, with the informal house-visiting remaining the predominant form.

For a time even the old house-visiting tradition of mummering or jannying seemed to fade, especially in the larger centres of Newfoundland. In the 1980s mummering experienced a revival, thanks to the locally popular musical duo, Simani, who wrote and recorded "The Mummer's Song" in 1982. One researcher has noted that, "in common with many other folk revivals, the resurgence of Christmas mumming in Newfoundland is largely based on a selective and idealised conceptualisation of the custom. As part of this revival, one particular form of mumming - the informal house-visit described above - has come to represent the custom in Newfoundland as a whole, while other forms that were equally prominent in the island’s cultural history have received comparatively little attention.".^[3]

In 2009, the Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador's Intangible Cultural Heritage office established what would become an annual Mummers Festival, culminating in a Mummers Parade in St. John's. The success of the festival has influenced, in part, another revitalization and increase of interest in the tradition in the province.

References

1. ^ http://www.mun.ca/ich/inventory/profiles/xmastrad/index.php
2. ^ http://www.heritage.nf.ca/arts/p_arts.html
3. ^ Fraser, Joy. "Mumming, Violence and the Law in Conception Bay and St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1831-18631" Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures, Vol 3 No 2, 2009 p71

External links

• Annual Mummers Festival, St. John's, Newfoundland
• Christmas Traditions on the Memorial University Intangible Cultural Heritage website