- Monophlebidae
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Monophlebidae 
Icerya seychellarum Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hemiptera Superfamily: Coccoidea Family: Monophlebidae
Signoret [1]Genera See text Monophlebidae is a family of scale insects commonly known as the giant scales or monophlebids. They occur in most parts of the world but more genera are found in the tropics than elsewhere.[2]
Contents
Taxonomy
At one time, Monophlebidae was considered to be a subfamily of Margarodidae. However the family Margarodidae showed great morphological and biological variation and Maskell first recognised Monophlebidae as a separate family in 1880. The giant scales are morphologically diverse but they appear to be a monophyletic group.[1]
Hosts
Giant scales occur on a wide range of host plants but most of these are trees or woody shrubs.[2]
Description
These scales can reach one centimetre long and have an elongated oval body. The adult females have six dark coloured legs and conspicuous antennae. Most genera have a waxy coating but some do not. They may have an ovisac or marsupium.
Life cycle
Giant scales infest the stems, branches and leaves of their host plant. They mostly have four female and five male instars. The prepupal instar are mobile, unlike most members of other scale families. They may have wing buds and the legs and antennae are well developed.[3]
Genera
- Afrodrosicha
- Aspidoproctus
- Auloicerya
- Buchnericoccus
- Conifericoccus
- Corandesia
- Crypticerya
- Drosicha
- Drosichoides
- Echinicerya
- Ecuadortonia
- Etropera
- Gigantococcus
- Gueriniella
- Gullania
- Hemaspidoproctus
- Icerya
- Insulococcus
- Jansenus
- Labioproctus
- Laurencella
- Lecaniodrosicha
- Llaveia
- Llaveiella
- Matesovia
- Melaleucococcus
- Misracoccus
- Modicicoccus
- Monophlebidus
- Monophleboides
- Monophlebulus
- Monophlebus
- Nautococcus
- Neogreenia
- Neohodgsonius
- Nietnera
- Nodulicoccus
- Palaeococcus
- Paracoelostoma
- Paramoandesia
- Peengea
- Perissopneumon
- Protortonia
- Pseudaspidoproctus
- Sishania
- Steatococcus
- Tessarobelus
- Vrydagha
- Walkeriana
See also
References
- ^ a b Maskell, W.M. 1880 (1879). Further notes on New Zealand Coccidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 12: 291-301.
- ^ a b UDSA Agricultural Research Service
- ^ Morales, C.F. 1991. Margarodidae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Fauna of New Zealand / Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa. In: Duval, C.T. (series ed.), No. 21. DSIR Plant Protection, Auckland, New Zealand. 123 pp
Categories:- Scale insects
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