Battle of Galveston

The Second Battle of Galveston (usually simply referred to as the Battle of Galveston) occurred on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War when Confederate forces under Major General John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city of Galveston, Texas.

The First Battle of Galveston was a naval engagement fought on October 4, 1862, during early Union attempts to blockade Galveston Harbor.

The battle

The Union force consisted of three Massachusetts companies of 260 men and seven warships in Galveston Bay. Facing a fortified enemy supported by naval gunfire, the Confederates were forced to retreat an hour after their initial attack at dawn.

The Confederate gunboats "Bayou City" and "Neptune" arrived shortly thereafter. While the "Neptune" was quickly disabled, the "Bayou City" succeeded in capturing the USS "Harriet Lane".

During this time, the USS "Westfield" was grounded on a sandbar, and was unable to be freed. A three-hour truce was called by Magruder, but Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw, ignoring the negotiation offer, attempted to destroy the grounded "Westfield" rather than let it fall into enemy hands.

Renshaw and several Union troops were subsequently killed when the explosives were set off too early. Union troops on shore were convinced that their own ships were surrendering and, therefore, laid down their arms. The remaining U.S. ships did not surrender and succeeded in retreating to Union-controlled New Orleans.

The results

The Union blockade around the city of Galveston was lifted temporarily for ten days, and Galveston remained in Confederate hands for the remainder of the war.

ee also

* Major General John B. Magruder
* C.S. "Bayou City"
* C.S. "Neptune"
* USS "Harriet Lane"

External links

* [http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tx002.htm National Park Service battle description]
* [http://www.lsjunction.com/events/galvestn.htm The Battle of Galveston (1 January 1863)] at Lone Star Junction
* [http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/GG/qeg1.html Battle of Galveston] at "The Handbook of Texas" Online