Mayom, South Sudan

Mayom
—  Town  —
Mayom Location in South Sudan
Coordinates: 9°13′27″N 29°10′00″E / 9.224042°N 29.166706°E / 9.224042; 29.166706Coordinates: 9°13′27″N 29°10′00″E / 9.224042°N 29.166706°E / 9.224042; 29.166706
Country	South Sudan
State	Unity
County	Mayom County

Mayom is a community in Unity State of South Sudan to the west of Bentiu. It is the headquarters of Mayom County.

Location

Mayom was a major cattle trading center in Western Upper Nile (now Unity State), in Bul Nuer territory.^[1] In peacetime the area around Mayom was sparsely populated by nomadic herders, with about one person per square mile.^[2] Mayom lies in the Block 4 oil concession to the south of the Kaikang oilfield.^[3]

Civil war

During the Second Sudanese Civil War (1983-2005) Paulino Matiep Nhial became an Anyanya II leader in the Western Upper Nile (now Unity) state, supported by the Sudan Government against the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA).^[4] Based in the garrison town of Mayom, Paulino held a strategic position, preventing SPLA from Bahr el Ghazal to the west from attacking the oilfields. In September 1988 Riek Machar's SPLA forces captured Mayom.^[5] In cooperation with army officer Omar al Bashir (soon to lead a coup and become President of Sudan) Paulino recaptured Mayom from the SPLA early in 1989.^[4] A report on refugees fleeing northward from Mayom and other communities in April 1993 described how they were robbed on their few belongings by Arab militias. One man was killed from trying to keep his remaining money, about US$200.^[6]

Mayom was the base for the South Sudan Unity Army (SSUA) that Matiep formed early in 1998, incorporating his former Anyanya II and South Sudan Defense Force (SSDN) Bul Nuer forces. The SSUA was supported by the Government of Sudan.^[7] In September 1999 commander Peter Gadet Yak of the SSDN mutinied, going over to the SPLA, and on 29 September shelled Mayom, causing further flight of civilians to Block 5A in the east of the state.^[8] A report from 2000 described Mayom as "a decimated village within the Talisman oil concession" and said that the government of Sudan was no longer allowing humanitarian aid flights to land.^[9]

Later events

On 11 April 2011 Major General Peter Gadet Yak, formerly of the SPLA and now of the "South Sudan Liberation Army", published the "Mayom Declaration". He denounced government by the "current corrupt gangs in Juba" and called for the government of Southern Sudan to be replaced by a national broad-base transitional government.^[10]

References

1. ^ Rone 2003, pp. 221.
2. ^ Rone 2003, pp. 135.
3. ^ Rone 2003, pp. 379.
4. ^ ^{a b} Rone 2003, pp. 17.
5. ^ Rone 2003, pp. 153.
6. ^ Worger, Clark & Alpers 2010, pp. 270.
7. ^ Rone 2003, pp. 10.
8. ^ Rone 2003, pp. 318-319.
9. ^ Giles & Hyndman 2004, pp. 91.
10. ^ Yak 2011.

Sources

• Giles, Wenona Mary; Hyndman, Jennifer (2004). Sites of violence: gender and conflict zones. University of California Press. ISBN 0520237919. http://books.google.ca/books?id=uFpsI49NTWYC&pg=PA91. 
• Rone, Jemera (2003). Sudan, oil, and human rights. Human Rights Watch. ISBN 1564322912. http://books.google.ca/books?id=3WQkACoP3FkC&pg=PA10. 
• Worger, William H.; Clark, Nancy L.; Alpers, Edward A. (2010). Africa and the West: From colonialism to independence, 1875 to the present. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0195373138. http://books.google.ca/books?id=G0lBfbmYRf0C&pg=PA270. 
• Yak, Peter Gadet (11/4/2011). "The MAYOM DECLARATION". Sudan Tribune. http://www.sudantribune.com/The-Mayom-Declaration,38605. Retrieved 2011-08-11.