- Lady Margaret Hoby
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Lady Margaret Hoby née Dakins (1571–1633) was an English diarist of the Elizabethan period. Hers is the oldest known diary written by a woman in English.
Contents
Life
Margaret Dakins was born before 10 February 1571 (the date of her baptism),[1] the only child of a landed gentleman, Arthur Dakins (c.1517–1592) of Linton, East Riding,[2] and his wife, Thomasine Gye (d. 1613).
Margaret was educated in the Puritan household of Katherine Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, a devout Protestant with Puritan leanings who ran a school for young gentlewomen. Penelope and Dorothy Devereux, the daughters of Margaret's future father-in-law, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, also attended the school. As an heiress Margaret was a valuable commodity on the Elizabethan marriage market.[3] Her first husband was Walter Devereux, the younger son of Essex, and a court favorite of Queen Elizabeth I. The manor and parsonage of Hackness near Scarborough in the North Riding were purchased for the couple, and remained Margaret's property after the death of Devereux at the siege of Rouen in 1591.
Three months later, Margaret was courted unsuccessfully by Sir Thomas Posthumous Hoby, son of the translator and English ambassador to France Sir Thomas Hoby.[4] She married at that juncture Sir Thomas Sidney, the younger brother of Philip Sidney and Robert Sidney, but after Sidney died in 1595, she next married Hoby, on 9 August 1596. They lived at Hackness, near Scarborough, but had no children. Margaret spent much of her time there in the company of a confessor, Richard Rhodes. She went around tending the sick and infirm in her own community, as well as running her household and recording detailed household accounts. The activities reported in her diary reflect profound religious beliefs.[5]
The diary
Margaret Hoby's diary — the earliest known by an Englishwoman (1599–1605) — gives a notable account of the domestic disciplines of Elizabethan puritanism, along with the religious exercises and prayers for the whole household and the private prayers and reading, in which she was guided by her chaplain, Richard Rhodes. It was written as a pious exercise, and as such, presaged a school of religious soul-searching in diary form that continued into the 18th century.[6] The diary also shed light on the management of the estate in her husband's frequent absences, supervising and paying servants, sorting linen, playing music, gardening, giving medical advice and treatment to neighbours and tenants. It tells little about the writer's private feelings. References to Sir Thomas Hoby are formal, though Margaret was strong-minded enough to resist until 1632 his request that she make over her Hackness and other properties to him and his heirs. She had no children herself.[7] As with the diary of Samuel Pepys later in the 17th century, the day's entry often ends with the phrase, "And so to bed."[8]
Margaret Hoby visited York and London several times during the years covered by her diary, but it makes little reference to public events. Margaret died on 4 September 1633 and was buried on 6 September in the chancel of Hackness church, where her husband erected an alabaster monument to her. It survives, but St Margaret's Chapel in Harwood Dale, which Hoby also built to her memory, is in ruins. Her husband died in 1640 leaving his manor at Hackness to the son of his first cousin named John Syndenham, whose son, Sir John Posthumous Syndenham, erected a monument to Hoby in Hackness church. There is also a memorial to him in All Saints' Church, Bisham, Berkshire.
References
- ^ ODNB entry.
- ^ This may have been the vanished village of Linton in the SE of the parish of Wintringham, represented on modern maps only by Linton Wold Farm, but still described in 1835 as "Linton, a hamlet in the parish of Wintringham, wapentake of Buckrose, East Riding of the county of York, 7 miles E. from New Malton." Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of England, 1835. Quoted on Genuki site: Retrieved 2 October 2011. However, it was described only as a farm in the seventh, 1848 edition: Retrieved 2 October 2011.
- ^ Freedman, Sylvia: Poor Penelope: Lady Penelope Rich. An Elizabethan Woman (Abbotsbrook, Bucks: Kensal Press, 1983, p. 31. ISBN 0946041202; ODNB entry.
- ^ Freedman..., p. 75.
- ^ University of Victoria, Internet Shakespeare site: Retrieved 24 September 2011; ODNB entry.
- ^ Diaries (journals). In: The Cambridge Guide.
- ^ ODNB entry.
- ^ Hoby [née Dakins], Margaret 1571–1633. In: The Cambridge Guide.
Sources
- Paul Slack, "Hoby , Margaret, Lady Hoby (bap. 1571, d. 1633)", rev. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford, UK: OUP, 2004). Retrieved 3 November 2011. Subscription required.
- Margaret Hoby: Diary of an Elizabethan Lady ISBN 0750913495
- Freedman, Sylvia: Poor Penelope: Lady Penelope Rich. An Elizabethan Woman (Abbotsbrook, Bucks: Kensal Press, 1983). ISBN 0946041202
- Hoby, Lady Margaret. In: A Historical Dictionary of British Women (London: Europa, 2003). ISBN 1857432282
- Hoby [née Dakins], Margaret, 1571-1633. In: The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English (1993). Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- Thomas Posthumous Hoby. Secret-bases site, UK Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- Cambridge University Orlando project page on Hoby. Subscription required.
- University of Victoria biography
Categories:- English diarists
- 1571 births
- 1633 deaths
- 16th-century English people
- 17th-century English people
- 16th-century writers
- 17th-century writers
- 16th-century women writers
- 17th-century women writers
- 16th-century women
- 17th-century women
- Women of the Tudor period
- Women of the Stuart period
- Devereux family
- Sidney family
- People from Hackness
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