Manchester Courts

Manchester Courts
Manchester Courts was condemned following the 2010 Canterbury earthquake
Former names	MLC Building
Alternative names	New Zealand Express Company Building
General information
Type	Commercial high-rise
Architectural style	Chicago skyscraper
Location	Corner Hereford and Manchester Sts, Christchurch Central City
Address	158–160 Manchester Street Christchurch
Coordinates	43°31′56″S 172°38′24″E / 43.5322°S 172.6399°E / -43.5322; 172.6399
Construction started	1905
Completed	1906
Renovated	1986–87
Demolished	2010–11
Cost	£19,000
Height	39.65 m (130.1 ft)
Technical details
Floor count	7
Design and construction
Client	New Zealand Express Company
Owner	Ferry Oak Properties
Architect	Alfred and Edward Luttrell
New Zealand Historic Places Trust - Category I
Reference #:	5307
References
"Manchester Courts". Register of Historic Places. New Zealand Historic Places Trust. http://www.historic.org.nz/TheRegister/RegisterSearch/RegisterResults.aspx?RID=5307&m=advanced. Retrieved 7 October 2010.

Manchester Courts, earlier known as the MLC Building, was a commercial high-rise building in the Christchurch Central City. Built in 1905–1906 for the New Zealand Express Company, it was at the time the tallest commercial building in Christchurch. A Category I heritage building, it suffered serious structural damage in the 2010 Canterbury earthquake and was condemned to be demolished. Demolition began on 19 October, and was nearing completion in January 2011.

History

Manchester Courts under construction in 1906

Manchester Courts was commissioned by the New Zealand Express Company, which had its headquarters in Dunedin with offices throughout the country. They worked in freight forwarding, customs, shipping and express forwarding agents. At the beginning of the 20th century, they were a major employer in New Zealand.^[1]

The company engaged architects Sidney and Alfred Luttrell with the design of their Christchurch head offices.^[2] The architects had been in the country since 1902, and they are credited with introducing the Chicago skyscraper architectural style to New Zealand, and blending it with Edwardian architecture.^[1] The Luttrells' buildings also included the same commissioners' 1908 New Zealand Express House (now Consultancy House) in The Exchange, Dunedin — the city's first skyscraper — which shares many features with Manchester Courts.^[3]

From 1991 it had a Category I classification with the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. In 1986–1987, the building was refurbished, had its parapet removed and was reclad in steel.^[1]

Structural design

Manchester Courts is believed to have been the first steel reinforced commercial building in Christchurch.^[1] The foundations and the two lower stories were made from reinforced concrete. The upper five stories had external unreinforced brick columns that were load bearing, while the interior was made of steel framing.^[4]

Demolition

The north face showed large cracks and broken windows

Manchester Courts suffered significant structural damage in the 2010 Canterbury earthquake (4 September). The masonry columns were left badly cracked on level three and four and showed shear failure. According to the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, this was due to the load transfer from the reinforced concrete floor to the unreinforced brick columns, and was further caused by the two storey building adjoining on the south side stopping to provide lateral support at that height. Diagonal cracking on the top floor indicated damage from torsional forces.^[4]

The building was deemed unsafe and was one of just two historic CBD buildings the City Council initially proposed for immediate demolition.^[5] That decision was reversed hours later when the building's owner proposed to dismantle the building over several weeks.^[6] A 60 m (200 ft) cordon was established around the building to guarantee public safety.^[7]

Christchurch City Council voted 10 to 2 at their 6 October 2010 meeting that the building was a safety hazard and should thus be demolished. The council's CEO was given powers to issue a demolition warrant, which avoided the usual resource consent process that could take up to 18 months.^[7] The demolition warrant could be granted under section 129 of the Building Act 2004, where "immediate danger to the safety of people is likely". Consequently, resource consent was not required for the demolition.^[8]

Detail showing damage to one masonry column

Heritage enthusiasts and others protested against demolition, arguing that the masonry columns would have been reinforced with steel, and that the council should obtain its own engineering report, not rely on that commissioned by the building's owner. The owner presented evidence of further damage in aftershocks and pressed for urgent demolition, saying he had been advised that the building was showing signs of impending failure.^[9][10]

The fate of Manchester Courts attracted significant media attention. TV One had the demolition decision as their anchor story for their 6 pm news.^[11] Demolition started on 19 October,^[12] and was nearing completion in January 2011.^[13] The building, significantly weakened by the removal of key structural supports by demolition engineers, withstood a number of large aftershocks without collapsing.

During the demolition, an opponent of the demolition said he had photographs showing that the building did indeed contain substantial steel reinforcement. The building's owner said that less steel had been found than expected, and the mayor stood by the decision to demolish.^[14]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d} NZHPT 5307.
2. ^ McEwan, Ann (updated September 2010). "Luttrell, Alfred Edgar; Luttrell, Edward Sydney - biography". New Zealand Dictionary of Biography - Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3l16/1. Retrieved 6 March 2011. 
3. ^ Knight, H. and Wales, N. (1988) Buildings of Dunedin. Dunedin: John McIndoe.
4. ^ ^{a b} "Severe damage to Manchester Courts". New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Inc.. 8 September 2010. http://db.nzsee.org.nz:8080/web/lfe-darfield-2010/structural/-/blogs/severe-damage-to-manchester-courts;jsessionid=6CB52AFA767C74D052AD93FF41140C32?_33_redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fdb.nzsee.org.nz%3A8080%2Fweb%2Flfe-darfield-2010%2Fstructural%2F-%2Fblogs%3Bjsessionid%3D6CB52AFA767C74D052AD93FF41140C32. Retrieved 19 October 2010. 
5. ^ "Christchurch Earthquake – Building Demolition" (Press release). Christchurch City Council. 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 7 September 2010. http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1009/S00183/quake-building-demolition-and-heritage-advice.htm. Retrieved 26 September 2010. 
6. ^ "Christchurch Earthquake – Building demolition postponed Christchurch City Council" (Press release). 7 September 2010. Archived from the original on 8 September 2010. http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK1009/S00216/building-demolition-postponed.htm. Retrieved 26 September 2010. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Glenn Conway (7 October 2010). "Demolition for historic high-rise". The Press. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch/4205226/Demolition-for-historic-high-rise. Retrieved 19 October 2010. 
8. ^ "Demolition of unsafe buildings". Christchurch City Council. 6 October 2010. http://www.ccc.govt.nz/thecouncil/newsmedia/mediareleases/2010/201010066.aspx. Retrieved 19 October 2010. 
9. ^ Shahra Walsh (14 October 2010). "Bid to halt Manchester Courts demolition". The Press. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/canterbury-earthquake-2010/4232111/Bid-to-halt-Manchester-Courts-demolition. Retrieved 15 October 2010. 
10. ^ Glenn Conway (14 October 2010). "Manchester Courts 'must come down'". The Press. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/canterbury-earthquake/4235383/Manchester-Courts-must-come-down. Retrieved 15 October 2010. 
11. ^ "Sadness as demolition ordered for Chch icon". TV One. Auckland. 6 October 2010. http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/sadness-demolition-ordered-chch-icon-3821340. Retrieved 7 October 2010. 
12. ^ Conway, Glenn (19 October 2010). "Manchester Courts demolition begins". The Press. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/canterbury-earthquake/4247978/Manchester-Courts-demolition-begins. Retrieved 19 October 2010. 
13. ^ Sachdeva, Sam (27 January 2011). "Demolition of historic building nears completion". The Press. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/christchurch-earthquake-2011/canterbury-earthquake-2010/4589352/Demolition-of-historic-building-nears-completion. Retrieved 23 February 2011. 
14. ^ Conway, Glenn (9 November 2010). "Steel argument demolished". The Press. http://www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/4322151/Steel-argument-demolished. Retrieved 11 November 2010. 

External links

• "Manchester Courts". Register of Historic Places. New Zealand Historic Places Trust. http://www.historic.org.nz/TheRegister/RegisterSearch/RegisterResults.aspx?RID=5307&m=advanced. Retrieved 7 October 2010. 
• Proposed demolition of 160 Manchester Street at the Christchurch City Council
• Demolition cam