Pipe (instrument)

Infobox Instrument
name=Pipe
names=

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classification=
*Wind
*Woodwind
range=1-2 octaves
related=
*Tinwhistle
*Recorder
*Galoubet
musicians=
articles=

Pipe describes a number of musical instruments, historically referring to perforated wind instruments. The word is an onomotopoeia, and comes from the tone which can resemble that of a bird chirping.

Folk pipe

Fipple flutes are found in many cultures around the world. Often with six holes, the shepherd's pipe is a common pastoral image. Shepherds often piped both to soothe the sheep and to amuse themselves. Modern manufactured six-hole folk pipes are referred to as pennywhistle or tin whistle. The recorder is a form of pipe, often used as a rudimentary instructional musical instrument at schools, but so versatile that it is also used in orchestral music, but it has seven finger holes and a thumb hole.

Tabor pipe

The three-holed pipe is a form of the folk pipe which is usually played with one hand, while the other hand plays a tabor or other drone instrument, such as a bell or a psalterium (string-drum).

In English this instrument is properly called simply a "pipe", but is often referred to as a "tabor pipe" to distinguish it from other instruments.

The tabor pipe has two finger holes and one thumb hole. In the English tradition, these three holes play the same notes as the bottom three holes of a tin whistle, or tone, tone, semitone. Other tabor pipes, such as the French galoubet, Picco Pipe, the Basque txistu, the Aragonese chiflo or the Andalusian pito rociero, are tuned differently. A much larger 3-hole pipe, the fujara, is played in Slovakia.

The pipe and tabor was a common combination throughout Europe, during the mediæval period, and remains popular in some parts of Europe and the Americas today.

The English pipe and tabor had waned in popularity, but had not died out before a revival by Morris dance musicians in the early 20th century.

Traditionally made of cane, bone, ivory, or wood, today pipes are also available made of metal and of plastic.

Flageolet

The flageolet was developed from the tabor pipe, in France, and became an orchestral instrument. [ [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12926/12926-h/12926-h.htm The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Morris Book by Cecil J. Sharp ] ] Its lower three holes were configured the same as a tabor pipe, with two on front and one on back. A second set of three holes was added above this. The mouthpiece had a unique configuration with a sponge inside.

Used as orchestral instruments into the 19th Century, the flageolet was given keys, like in the orchestral flute.

Reed pipe

A reed pipe is an instrument which is similar in construction to the fipple flutes but instead of a whistle mouthpiece, has a (usually) double reed, like the oboe.

Hornpipe

Hornpipes are instruments with one or more pipes that have single reeds that terminate in a resonator made of horn. Simple instruments may consist of little more than the reed, the pipe, and the resonator. More complex instruments may have multiple pipes held in a common yoke, multiple resonators, or horn mouthpieces to facilitate playing. They are known from a broad region extending from India in the east to Spain in the west that includes north Africa and most of Europe. [Baines, Anthony C. 1995 "Bagpipes", 3rd ed. Occasional Papers on Technology. Oxford: Pitt Rivers Museum.]

References

ee also

*Bagpipes
*Organ
*Panpipes
*Picco pipe
*Pipe and Tabor
*Pipers' Guild